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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgssuvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГСУ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik MGSU</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-0935</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2304-6600</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/1997-0935.2026.5.714-724</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgssuvest-1023</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Проектирование и конструирование строительных систем. Строительная механика. Основания и фундаменты, подземные сооружения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Construction system design and layout planning. Construction mechanics. Bases and foundations, underground structures</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Реализация эквипотенциальных поверхностей в структурно-неоднородных стержнях при вариационных постановках задач оптимизации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Realization of equipotential surfaces in structurally inhomogeneous rods in variational formulations of optimization problems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3540-7631</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мищенко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mishchenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Викторович Мищенко — доктор технических наук, доцент, профессор, кафедра строительной механики; заведующий кафедрой общепрофессиональных дисциплин</p><p>630008, г. Новосибирск, ул. Ленинградская, д. 113; 630117, г. Новосибирск, ул. Иванова, д. 49</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 123809, Scopus: 56996260100, ResearcherID: AAA-8081-2022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Mishchenko — Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Structural Mechanics; Head of the Department of General Professional Disciplines</p><p>113 Leningradskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630008; 49 Ivanova st., Novosibirsk, 630117</p><p>RSCI AuthorID: 123809, Scopus: 56996260100, ResearcherID: AAA-8081-2022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mishchenko.av59@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6775-8392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вешкин</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Veshkin</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Сергеевич Вешкин — кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры строительной механики</p><p>630008, г. Новосибирск, ул. Ленинградская, д. 113</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 819363, Scopus: 57200289320, ResearcherID: KAM-2991-2024</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim S. Veshkin — Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Structural Mechanics</p><p>113 Leningradskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630008</p><p>RSCI AuthorID: 819363, Scopus: 57200289320, ResearcherID: KAM-2991-2024</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.veshkin@sibstrin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новосибирский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет (Сибстрин); Новосибирское высшее военное командное ордена Жукова училище</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Sibstrin); Novosibirsk Higher Military Command Order of Zhukov School</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новосибирский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет (Сибстрин)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Sibstrin)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>714</fpage><lpage>724</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мищенко А.В., Вешкин М.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мищенко А.В., Вешкин М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mishchenko A.V., Veshkin M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnikmgsu.ru/jour/article/view/1023">https://www.vestnikmgsu.ru/jour/article/view/1023</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Рассмотрена вариационная постановка задачи оптимизации геометрической конфигурации слоисто-неоднородного стержня при условии постоянства суммарной стоимости материалов. В качестве критерия оптимальности принят интегральный критерий минимума энергии деформации при варьировании геометрических функций, профилирующих слои стержня. В настоящее время данный подход, применяемый в однородных системах, требует развития и распространения на сложные неоднородные среды, разработки методики использования в строительных конструкциях.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. С применением математической модели стержня Тимошенко приведены формулы для основных компонент напряжений и жесткостных характеристик нулевого, первого и второго порядков. Сформулированы энергетический функционал и ограничение на суммарную стоимость материалов. Получены уравнения Эйлера при варьировании геометрических функций.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Решены задачи оптимизации слоистого стержня при варьировании ширины и толщины слоев для симметричной и произвольной структур. Исследованы случаи изгиба, растяжения, поперечного сдвига и совместного изгиба с растяжением. Аналитически доказано, что во всех рассмотренных случаях в системе формируются поверхности с равным уровнем удельной энергии деформации. Показано, что изопериметрическая вариационная постановка приводит к минимальной стоимости материалов конструкции.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Вариационная постановка с одним ограничением на суммарную стоимость материалов, необходимым по смыслу задачи, дает глобальный минимум функционала энергии деформации и стоимости материалов системы и отражает так называемый эталонный проект. Знание такого проекта является ценным и полезным с практической точки зрения. В оптимальной системе формируются эквипотенциальные поверхности с одинаковым значением удельной энергии деформации. Их форма и расположение определяются действующими усилиями и структурой системы. Из интегрального энергетического критерия вытекают практические критерии выравнивания удельной энергии деформации, а также основного напряжения либо деформации на поверхностях областей с варьируемыми размерами.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. A variational formulation of the problem of optimizing the geometric configuration of a layered heterogeneous rod under the condition of constant total cost of materials is considered. The integral criterion of minimum deformation energy is adopted as the optimality criterion when varying the geometric functions profiling the rod layers. Currently, this approach, applied in homogeneous systems, requires development and extension to complex heterogeneous environments, and the development of methods for application in building structures.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Using the mathematical model of the Timoshenko rod, formulas are given for the main components of stress and rigidity characteristics of zero, first and second orders. An energy functional and a constraint on the total cost of materials were formulated. Euler equations were obtained for varying geometric functions.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The optimization problems of a layered rod by varying the width and thickness of layers for symmetrical and arbitrary structures are solved. The cases of bending, tension, transverse shear and combined bending with tension were investigated. It has been analytically proven that in all the cases considered, surfaces with an equal level of specific deformation energy are formed in the system. It is shown that the isoperimetric variational formulation leads to the minimum cost of the construction’s materials.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. A variational formulation with one constraint on the total cost of materials, necessary according to the meaning of the problem, provides a global minimum of the functional of the deformation energy and the cost of materials of the system and reflects, the so-called, reference project. Knowledge of such a project is valuable and useful from a practical point of view. In an optimal system, equipotential surfaces with identical specific deformation energy values are formed. Their shape and location are determined by the emerging efforts and the structure of the system. From the integral energy criterion follow practical criteria for equalizing the specific energy of deformation, as well as the main stress or deformation on the surfaces of areas received by varying of dimensions.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>структурно-неоднородный стержень</kwd><kwd>оптимизация неоднородных систем</kwd><kwd>вариационная оптимизация</kwd><kwd>критерий минимума энергии деформации</kwd><kwd>эквипотенциальные поверхности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>structurally inhomogeneous rod</kwd><kwd>optimization of inhomogeneous systems</kwd><kwd>variational optimization</kwd><kwd>minimum deformation energy criterion</kwd><kwd>equipotential surfaces</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Перельмутер А.В. 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