<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgssuvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГСУ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik MGSU</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-0935</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2304-6600</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/1997-0935.2026.5.725-741</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgssuvest-1024</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Проектирование и конструирование строительных систем. Строительная механика. Основания и фундаменты, подземные сооружения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Construction system design and layout planning. Construction mechanics. Bases and foundations, underground structures</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Параметры сейсмостойкости железобетонных каркасных зданий после пожара с учетом многовариантности огневого воздействия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Seismic resistance parameters of reinforced concrete frame buildings after fire considering multiple fire exposure scenarios</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0569-4788</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тамразян</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tamrazyan</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ашот Георгиевич Тамразян — доктор технических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой железобетонных и каменных конструкций</p><p>129337, г. Москва, Ярославское шоссе, д. 26</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 447901, Scopus: 55975413900, ResearcherID: T-1253-2017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ashot G. Tamrazyan — Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Reinforced Concrete and Stone Structures</p><p>26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337</p><p>RSCI AuthorID: 447901, Scopus: 55975413900, ResearcherID: T-1253-2017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tamrazian@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6240-9993</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черник</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernik</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Игоревич Черник — кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры железобетонных и каменных конструкций</p><p>129337, г. Москва, Ярославское шоссе, д. 26</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 1091685, Scopus: 57218420224, ResearcherID: AAD-8260-2022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir I. Chernik — Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Reinforced Concrete and Stone Structures</p><p>26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337</p><p>RSCI AuthorID: 1091685, Scopus: 57218420224, ResearcherID: AAD-8260-2022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chernik_vi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет (НИУ МГСУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>725</fpage><lpage>741</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тамразян А.Г., Черник В.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тамразян А.Г., Черник В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tamrazyan A.G., Chernik V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnikmgsu.ru/jour/article/view/1024">https://www.vestnikmgsu.ru/jour/article/view/1024</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Последствия разрушительных землетрясений показывают, что проблема сейсмостойкости железобетонных каркасов после пожара актуальна. Применяемые при решении подобного класса задач расчетные модели должны учитывать нелинейные характеристики бетона и арматуры, вариативность огневого воздействия и расчетных акселерограмм. Исследование направлено на поиск наиболее опасных (с точки зрения сейсмостойкости) вариантов воздействия пожара на железобетонные каркасные здания.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В качестве объекта исследования выбрана плоская железобетонная пятиэтажная рама при различных вариантах огневого воздействия. Воздействие пожара принято по стандартной температурной кривой (ISO 834) продолжительностью 120 мин. Рассмотрены пять вариантов: контрольная рама; пожар в крайнем пролете на первом этаже; то же на третьем этаже; пожар во всех пролетах на первом этаже; то же на третьем этаже. Предварительно проведен теплотехнический анализ в ПК SolidWorks с определение температурных полей в сечениях элементов. Выполнен сейсмический расчет пяти рам в нелинейной постановке в ПК OpenSees. Расчет производится во временной области на акселерограмму Лома-Приета (1989). Использованы билинейные и трехлинейные диаграммы материалов. Сечения моделируются с помощью волокнистой модели.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Осуществлена численная оценка зависимости параметров сейсмостойкости железобетонных каркасов от различных вариантов огневого воздействия. Периоды первого тона собственных колебаний увеличились по отношению к контрольной раме (неповрежденной пожаром) до 11,2 %, перемещения в уровне покрытия возросли до 32,2 %, максимальные значения междуэтажных сдвигов возросли до 34,0 %, из-за перераспределения усилий максимальные значения изгибающих моментов в элементах рамы увеличились до 26,3 %. Изменяются схемы разрушения, отмечается образование пластических шарниров не только в ригелях, но и в колоннах, для большинства рассмотренных рам уровень деформаций в элементах достигает критического.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Выявлено, что самым опасным сценарием, в наибольшей степени снижающим сейсмостойкость железобетонного каркаса, является возникновение пожара на первом этаже. Важным оказывается и процент поврежденных вертикальных несущих элементов — при большем проценте сейсмостойкость снижается существеннее. В отдельных случаях, например при локальном повреждении пожаром средних этажей, сейсмостойкость каркаса снижается незначительно. На стадии проектирования здания, находящегося в сейсмоопасном районе, рекомендуется учитывать наиболее опасные варианты возникновения огневого воздействия. При этом следует в большей степени повышать огнестойкость вертикальных несущих конструкций нижних этажей и сокращать размеры пожарных отсеков.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The consequences of devastating earthquakes demonstrate that the issue of seismic resistance of reinforced concrete frames after fire is highly relevant. The computational models used to address such problems must account for the nonlinear characteristics of concrete and reinforcement, variability of fire exposure, and design accelerograms. This study aims to identify the most hazardous fire exposure scenarios (from the standpoint of seismic resistance).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A flat five-story reinforced concrete frame was selected as the research object under various fire exposure scenarios. Fire exposure was applied according to the standard temperature-time curve (ISO 834) with a duration of 120 minutes. Five scenarios were considered. A preliminary thermal analysis was conducted in PC SolidWorksto determine temperature fields in element cross-sections. Subsequently, nonlinear seismic analysis of the five frames was performed in PC OpenSees. The analysis was carried out in the time domain using the Loma Prieta (1989) accelerogram. Bilinear and trilinear material diagrams were used. Cross-sections were modelled using a fiber model.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A FEM was conducted of the dependence of seismic resistance parameters of reinforced concrete frames on various fire exposure scenarios. The periods of the first mode increased by up to 11.2 % compared to the control frame, roof-level displacements increased by up to 32.2 %, maximum inter-story drifts increased by up to 34.0 %, and maximum bending moments in frame elements increased by up to 26.3 % due to force redistribution. Failure mechanisms changed — plastic hinges formed not only in beams but also in columns; for most frames considered, deformation levels in elements reached critical values.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The most dangerous scenario, which most significantly reduces the seismic resistance of the reinforced concrete frame, is the occurrence of fire on the first floor. The percentage of damaged vertical load-bearing elements is particularly significant here — higher percentages lead to a more substantial reduction in seismic resistance. In some cases, such as localized fire damage on intermediate floors, the frame’s seismic resistance decreases only slightly. During the design stage of buildings in seismic zones, it is recommended to consider the most hazardous fire exposure scenarios. Special emphasis should be placed on enhancing the fire resistance of vertical load-bearing structures in lower floors and reducing the size of fire compartments.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>железобетон</kwd><kwd>землетрясение</kwd><kwd>нелинейность</kwd><kwd>огнестойкость</kwd><kwd>пластический шарнир</kwd><kwd>пожар</kwd><kwd>сейсмостойкость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reinforced concrete</kwd><kwd>earthquake</kwd><kwd>nonlinearity</kwd><kwd>fire resistance</kwd><kwd>plastic hinge</kwd><kwd>fire</kwd><kwd>earthquake resistance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu L., Xiao J. Simulation on seismic performance of the post-fire precast concrete column with grouted sleeve connections // Structural Concrete. 2023. Vol. 24. Issue 3. Pp. 3299–3313. DOI: 10.1002/suco.202200663. EDN XEMKAI.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu L., Xiao J. Simulation on seismic performance of the post-fire precast concrete column with grouted sleeve connections. Structural Concrete. 2023; 24(3):3299-3313. DOI: 10.1002/suco.202200663. EDN XEMKAI.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Melo J., Triantafyllidis Z., Rush D., Bisby L., Rossetto T., Arêde A. et al. Cyclic behaviour of as-built and strengthened existing reinforced concrete columns previously damaged by fire // Engineering Structures. 2022. Vol. 266. P. 114584. DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114584. EDN EALVCA.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melo J., Triantafyllidis Z., Rush D., Bisby L., Rossetto T., Arêde A. et al. Cyclic behaviour of as-built and strengthened existing reinforced concrete columns previously damaged by fire. Engineering Structures. 2022; 266:114584. DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114584. EDN EALVCA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гончаренко В.С., Чечетина Т.А., Сибирко В.И., Мартемьянов С.И., Надточий О.В., Полехин П.В. и др. Пожары и пожарная безопасность в 2021 году: статистика пожаров и их последствий : стат. сб. Балашиха, 2022. 114 с. EDN LVXFQJ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goncharenko V.S., Chechetina T.A., Sibirko V.I., Martemyanov S.I., Nadtochiy O.V., Polekhin P.V. et al. Fires and Fire Safety in 2021: statistics of fires and their consequences : Statistical digest. Balashikha, 2022; 114. EDN LVXFQJ. (rus.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ni S., Birely A.C. Simulation procedure for the post-fire seismic analysis of reinforced concrete structural walls // Fire Safety Journal. 2018. Vol. 95. Pp. 101–112. DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.10.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ni S., Birely A.C. Simulation procedure for the post-fire seismic analysis of reinforced concrete structural walls. Fire Safety Journal. 2018; 95:101-112. DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.10.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tamrazyan A., Kabantsev O., Matseevich T., Chernik V. Estimation of the Reduction Coefficient When Calculating the Seismic Resistance of a Reinforced Concrete Frame Building after a Fire // Buildings. 2024. Vol. 14. Issue 8. P. 2421. DOI: 10.3390/buildings14082421. EDN YWUXQR.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tamrazyan A., Kabantsev O., Matseevich T., Chernik V. Estimation of the Reduction Coefficient When Calculating the Seismic Resistance of a Reinforced Concrete Frame Building after a Fire. Buildings. 2024; 14(8):2421. DOI: 10.3390/buildings14082421. EDN YWUXQR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мкртычев О.В., Решетов А.А. Обеспечение сейсмостойкости железобетонных зданий // Железобетонные конструкции. 2024. № 5 (1). С. 57–67. DOI: 10.22227/2949-1622.2024.1.57-67. EDN FFLOKZ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mkrtychev O.V., Reshchetov A.A. Ensuring seismic resistance of reinforced concrete buildings. Reinforced Concrete Structures. 2024; 5(1):57-67. DOI: 10.22227/2949-1622.2024.1.57-67. EDN FFLOKZ. (rus.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sunil J.C., Kamatchi P. Nonlinear modelling strategies for seismic performance evaluation of reinforced concrete structures // Materials Today: Proceedings. 2022. Vol. 65. Issue 6. Pp. 503–510. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.062. EDN WKZHPJ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sunil J.C., Kamatchi P. Nonlinear modelling strategies for seismic performance evaluation of reinforced concrete structures. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2022; 65(6):503-510. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.062. EDN WKZHPJ.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хачиян Э.Е. Анализ величин перемещений, сдвиговых деформаций, скоростей и ускорений грунтов и спектров реакций по синтетической акселерограмме сильного землетрясения // Вопросы инженерной сейсмологии. 2022. Т. 49. № 4. С. 206–224. DOI: 10.21455/VIS2022.4-14. EDN QIPYTW.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khachiyan E.Y. Analysis of the values of ground displacements, shear strains, velocities and accelerations, and response spectra of strong earthquake by synthetic accelerograms. Problems of Engineering Seismology. 2022; 49(4):206-224. DOI: 10.21455/VIS2022.4-14. EDN QIPYTW. (rus.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белостоцкий А.М., Акимов П.А., Павлов А.С. О численном моделировании физически нелинейной динамической реакции зданий и сооружений при сейсмических воздействиях, заданных акселерограммами // Фундаментальные, поисковые и прикладные исследования Российской академии архитектуры и строительных наук по научному обеспечению развития архитектуры, градостроительства и строительной отрасли Российской Федерации в 2019 году : сб. науч. тр. РААСН. 2020. С. 105–112. EDN LWZLJX.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belostotsky A., Akimov P., Pavlov A. About numerical modelling of physically nonlinear dynamic reaction of buildings and structures under seismic actions defined by accelerograms. Fundamental, search, and applied research by the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences on the scientific support of the development of architecture, urban planning, and the construction industry in the Russian Federation in 2019 : collection of scientific papers by the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences. 2020; 105-112. EDN LWZLJX. (rus.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ilki A., Demir U. Factors affecting seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete structures after fire exposure // NED University Journal of Research. 2019. Pp. 31–41. DOI: 10.35453/nedjr-stmech-2019-0003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilki A., Demir U. Factors affecting seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete structures after fire exposure. NED University Journal of Research. 2019; 31-41. DOI: 10.35453/nedjr-stmech-2019-0003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korsun V., Baranov A. Mechanical properties of high-strength concrete after heating at temperatures up to 400 °C // Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 2021. Pp. 454–463. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-72404-7_44</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korsun V., Baranov A. Mechanical properties of high-strength concrete after heating at temperatures up to 400 °C. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 2021; 454-463. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-72404-7_44</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avetisyan L.A., Chapidze O.D. Estimation of reinforced concrete seismic resistance bearing systems exposed to fire // IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018. Vol. 456. P. 012035. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/456/1/012035. EDN XCEIYB.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avetisyan L.A., Chapidze O.D. Estimation of reinforced concrete seismic resistance bearing systems exposed to fire. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018; 456:012035. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/456/1/012035. EDN XCEIYB.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mostafaei H. A testing method for seismic resistance assessment of fire-damaged structures. 2011. DOI: 10.4224/20374365</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mostafaei H. A testing method for seismic resistance assessment of fire-damaged structures. 2011. DOI: 10.4224/20374365</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazza F., Imbrogno G. Effects of Fire Duration on the Seismic Retrofitting with Hysteretic Damped Braces of R.C. School Buildings // Frontiers in Built Environment. 2019. Vol. 5. DOI: 10.3389/fbuil.2019.00141</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazza F., Imbrogno G. Effects of Fire Duration on the Seismic Retrofitting with Hysteretic Damped Braces of R.C. School Buildings. Frontiers in Built Environment. 2019; 5. DOI: 10.3389/fbuil.2019.00141</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamath P., Sharma U.K., Kumar V., Bhargava P., Usmani A., Singh B. et al. Full-scale fire test on an earthquake-damaged reinforced concrete frame // Fire Safety Journal. 2015. Vol. 73. Pp. 1–19. DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2015.02.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamath P., Sharma U.K., Kumar V., Bhargava P., Usmani A., Singh B. et al. Full-scale fire test on an earthquake-damaged reinforced concrete frame. Fire Safety Journal. 2015; 73:1-19. DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2015.02.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiao J.-Z., Li J., Huang Z.F. Fire Response of High-Performance Concrete Frames and their Post-Fire Seismic Performance // ACI Structural Journal. 2008. Vol. 105. Issue 5. Pp. 531–540. DOI: 10.14359/19936</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiao J.-Z., Li J., Huang Z.F. Fire Response of High-Performance Concrete Frames and their Post-Fire Seismic Performance. ACI Structural Journal. 2008; 105(5):531-540. DOI: 10.14359/19936</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li L.Z., Liu X., Yu J.T., Lu Z.D., Su M.N., Liao J.H. et al. Experimental study on seismic performance of post-fire reinforced concrete frame // Engineering Structures. 2019. Vol. 179. Pp. 161–173. DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.10.080</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li L.Z., Liu X., Yu J.T., Lu Z.D., Su M.N., Liao J.H. et al. Experimental study on seismic performance of post-fire reinforced concrete frame. Engineering Structures. 2019; 179:161-173. DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.10.080</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tamrazyan A., Matseevich T. The Criteria for Assessing the Safety of Buildings with a Reinforced Concrete Frame during an Earthquake after a Fire // Buildings. 2022. Vol. 12. Issue 10. P. 1662. DOI: 10.3390/buildings12101662. EDN QURCTH.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tamrazyan A., Matseevich T. The Criteria for Assessing the Safety of Buildings with a Reinforced Concrete Frame during an Earthquake after a Fire. Buildings. 2022; 12(10):1662. DOI: 10.3390/buildings12101662. EDN QURCTH.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang G.Y., Zhang Ch., Xu J., Zhang D.M. Post-fire seismic performance of SRC beam to SRC column frames // Structures. 2020. Vol. 25. Pp. 323–334. DOI: 10.1016/j.istruc.2020.03.016. EDN GUVXIH.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang G.Y., Zhang Ch., Xu J., Zhang D.M. Post-fire seismic performance of SRC beam to SRC column frames. Structures. 2020; 25:323-334. DOI: 10.1016/j.istruc.2020.03.016. EDN GUVXIH.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kabantsev O., Perelmuter A. Plastic Behavior Particularities of Structures Subjected to Seismic Loads // Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2021. No. 5 (105). DOI: 10.34910/MCE.105.13. EDN NPOOWS.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kabantsev O., Perelmuter A. Plastic Behavior Particularities of Structures Subjected to Seismic Loads. Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2021; 5(105). DOI: 10.34910/MCE.105.13. EDN NPOOWS.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mueller C., Glassmoyer G. Digital Recordings of Aftershocks of the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake // Open-File Report. 1990. DOI: 10.3133/ofr90503</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mueller C., Glassmoyer G. Digital Recordings of Aftershocks of the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake. Open-File Report. 1990. DOI: 10.3133/ofr90503</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федосов С.В. О некоторых особенностях математического моделирования явлений тепломассопереноса на границах двухфазных сред // Повышение энергоресурсоэффективности и экологической безопасности процессов и аппаратов химической и смежных отраслей промышленности (ISTS «EESTE-2021») : программа и материалы пленарной сессии Междунар. науч.-техн. симпозиума, посвящ. 110-летию А.Н. Плановского, в рамках Третьего Междунар. Косыгинского форума «Современные задачи инженерных наук». 2021. С. 56–64. DOI: 10.37816/eeste-2021-p-56-64. EDN VERDAA.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedosov S.V. On some features of mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer phenomena on the boundaries of two-phase media. Improving energy and resource efficiency and environmental safety of processes and equipment in the chemical and related industries (ISTS "EESTE-2021") : program and materials of the plenary session of the International Scientific and Technical Symposium dedicated to the 110th anniversary of A.N. Planovsky, within the framework of the Third International Kosygin Forum "Modern Problems of Engineering Sciences". 2021; 56-64. DOI: 10.37816/eeste-2021-p-56-64. EDN VERDAA. (rus.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грановский А.В., Добрина К.Е., Тангамян Г.С. Навесные кирпичные фасадные системы для сейсмических регионов России // Промышленное и гражданское строительство. 2020. № 1. С. 33–39. DOI: 10.33622/0869-7019.2020.01.33-39. EDN WXWJUF.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Granovskiy A.V., Dobrina K.E., Tangamyan G.S. Hinged brick facade systems for seismic regions of Russia. Industrial and Civil Engineering. 2020; 1:33-39. DOI: 10.33622/0869-7019.2020.01.33-39. EDN WXWJUF. (rus.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Law A., Stern-Gottfried J., Gillie M., Rein G. The influence of travelling fires on a concrete frame // Engineering Structures. 2011. Vol. 33. Issue 5. Pp. 1635–1642. DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.01.034. EDN OENNBJ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Law A., Stern-Gottfried J., Gillie M., Rein G. The influence of travelling fires on a concrete frame. Engineering Structures. 2011; 33(5):1635-1642. DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.01.034. EDN OENNBJ.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
