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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgssuvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГСУ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik MGSU</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-0935</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2304-6600</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/1997-0935.2024.3.358-366</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgssuvest-209</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Проектирование и конструирование строительных систем. Строительная механика. Основания и фундаменты, подземные сооружения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Construction system design and layout planning. Construction mechanics. Bases and foundations, underground structures</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Постановка задач прохождения звука через границы трехмерных сред и через пластины</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The formulation of sound transmission problems through the boundaries of three-dimensional media and through plates</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7693-2099</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аркадий Васильевич Захаров — кандидат технических наук, профессор кафедры архитектуры</p><p>129337, г. Москва, Ярославское шоссе, д. 26</p><p>РИНЦ ID: 689180, Scopus: 57194597849</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arkady V. Zakharov — Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Architecture</p><p>26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337</p><p>ID RSCI: 689180, Scopus: 57194597849</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zakharov.arkady@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет (НИУ МГСУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>358</fpage><lpage>366</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захаров А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захаров А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnikmgsu.ru/jour/article/view/209">https://www.vestnikmgsu.ru/jour/article/view/209</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Современные физические модели расчета распространения плоских продольных волн через границы сред, основанные на условиях неразрывности звукового давления и колебательной скорости, реализуются только при нормальном падении волн. При всех направлениях распространения волн, отличных от нормального, условия неразрывности не соблюдаются, что не позволяет получить правильные формулы коэффициентов отражения и прохождения волн.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В предложенной постановке задачи физическая модель среды распространения волн состоит из кусков волновых лучей, плотно, без разрывов и взаимных проникновений, занимающих все ее пространство (так, как это наглядно происходит с волнами на поверхности воды). Приводится способ определения объемов этих кусков. Их массы аппроксимируются материальными точками, обладающими эффективными значениями колебательных скоростей волн. Прохождение плоской гармонической волны через плоскую границу сред описывается уравнениями сохранения кинетической энергии и сохранения количества движения. Решение этих уравнений дает правильные формулы коэффициентов отражения и преломления волн по колебательной скорости при любых углах их распространения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Предложенная постановка задачи распространения волн через границу сплошных полубесконечных сред пригодна для решения задач распространения звука через слои и, в частности, через пластины. Задача распространения звука через пластину, разделяющую воздушную среду, является фундаментальной в разделах архитектурной и технической акустики, поскольку на ее основе строятся прикладные теории звукоизоляции стен и перекрытий, ограждающих помещения зданий и транспортных средств.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Уравнения сохранения до граничной частоты волнового совпадения будут включать эффективное значение колебательной скорости в падающей волне, угол распространения волны, значения массы дискретного тела, представляемого поверхностной плотностью пластины, приведенных масс кусков среды и неизвестные коэффициенты отражения и прохождения колебательной скорости. На частотах выше граничной масса дискретного тела меняется на приведенную массу пластины. Решение системы уравнений сохранения дает правильные формулы коэффициентов прохождения и отражения звука и правильные формулы звукоизоляции в соответствии с изменениями физических моделей распространения волн в разных частотных диапазонах.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Modern physical models for calculating the propagation of plane longitudinal waves through media boundaries, based on the conditions of continuity of sound pressure and vibrational velocity, are implemented only with normal wave incidence. In all directions of wave propagation other than normal, the continuity conditions are not observed, which does not allow to obtain the correct formulas for the coefficients of reflection and transmission of waves.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. In the proposed formulation of the problem, the physical model of the wave propagation medium consists of pieces of wave rays, tightly, without breaks and mutual penetrations, occupying its entire space (as it clearly happens with waves on the surface of water). A method for determining the volumes of these pieces is given. Their masses are approximated by material points having effective values of vibrational wave velocities. The passage of a plane harmonic wave through a plane boundary of media is described by the equations of conservation of kinetic energy and conservation of the amount of motion. The solution of these equations gives the correct formulas for the coefficients of reflection and refraction of waves in terms of vibrational velocity at any angles of their propagation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The proposed formulation of the problem of wave propagation through the boundary of continuous semi-infinite media is suitable for solving the problems of sound propagation through layers and, in particular, through plates. The problem of sound propagation through a plate separating the air medium is fundamental in the sections of architectural and technical acoustics, since applied theories of sound insulation of walls and ceilings of buildings and vehicles enclosing premises are based on it.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The conservation equations, up to the boundary frequency of the wave coincidence, will include the effective value of the vibrational velocity in the incident wave, the angle of wave propagation, the values of the mass of a discrete body represented by the surface density of the plate, the reduced masses of the pieces of the medium and unknown coefficients of reflection and passage of the vibrational velocity. At frequencies above the boundary, the mass of the discrete body changes to the reduced mass of the plate. The solution of the system of conservation equations gives the correct formulas for the coefficients of sound transmission and reflection and the correct formulas for sound insulation, in accordance with changes in the physical models of wave propagation in different frequency ranges.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>условия неразрывности</kwd><kwd>ширина звукового луча</kwd><kwd>приведенная масса</kwd><kwd>уравнения законов сохранения механики</kwd><kwd>волновое число</kwd><kwd>физические модели в частотных диапазонах</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>continuity conditions</kwd><kwd>sound beam width</kwd><kwd>reduced mass</kwd><kwd>equations of conservation laws of mechanics</kwd><kwd>wave number</kwd><kwd>physical models in frequency ranges</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Автор выражает благодарность рецензентам.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The author expresses his gratitude to the reviewers.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щелоков Ю.А. 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