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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgssuvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГСУ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik MGSU</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-0935</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2304-6600</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/1997-0935.2024.10.1651-1665</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgssuvest-398</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Инженерные системы в строительстве</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Engineering systems in construction</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Санитарно-гигиенические вопросы при проектировании индивидуальных систем теплоснабжения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sanitary and hygienic issues in the design of individual heat supply systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-6948</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торопов</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toropov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Леонидович Торопов — кандидат технических наук, генеральный директор — главный конструктор</p><p>105122, г. Москва, Щелковское шоссе, д. 13</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 1030472, Scopus: 58406665800</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey L. Toropov — Candidate of Technical Sciences, General Director — Chief Designer</p><p>13 Schelkovskoe shosse, Moscow, 105122</p><p>RSCI AuthorID: 1030472, Scopus: 58406665800</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Toropov@aprilgroup.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Инженерный центр «Апрель» (ИЦ «Апрель»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Engineering Center “April”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1651</fpage><lpage>1665</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Торопов А.Л., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Торопов А.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Toropov A.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnikmgsu.ru/jour/article/view/398">https://www.vestnikmgsu.ru/jour/article/view/398</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. При индивидуальном строительстве существующие нормы проектирования для централизованных систем теплоснабжения носят справочный характер. Владелец домохозяйства сам определяет, сколько горячей воды ему нужно, какова должна быть температура в помещении. Важно, чтобы не нарушались нормы пожарной безопасности, экологии, санитарные нормы и нормативы выделенной на домохозяйство энергии. Параметры горячего водоснабжения (ГВС) носят количественный характер. Возникают вопросы качества санитарной воды, имеющей контакт с кожей человека. Характер использования индивидуальных систем ГВС, их конструктивные особенности определяют риски роста болезнетворных бактерий в оборудовании, что может влиять на здоровье обитателей домохозяйств. Существуют инженерные решения, позволяющие исключить или значительно снизить указанные риски. Эти инженерные решения целесообразно применять на стадии проектирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. На основании обобщения данных научных источников и опубликованных случаев массовых заболеваний выявлены основные виды болезнетворных бактерий, возникающих в индивидуальных системах водотеплоснабжения. Это легионелла и синегнойная палочка. Рассмотрены пороги и условия жизнестойкости указанных бактерий. Классифицированы главные причины, вызывающие риски роста болезнетворных бактерий, илистых отложений.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Требования соблюдения комплексных технических мероприятий при проектировании состоят в необходимости подбора оборудования систем индивидуального теплоснабжения при соблюдении условий контроля забора воды, обеспечения предварительного нагрева воды до температуры 65 °С в системах накопительного типа, постоянной циркуляции воды в контурах водоснабжения, использования проточных водонагревателей, подбора труб.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Применение технических решений для систем теплоснабжения объектов индивидуального строительства позволяет существенно снизить или исключить полностью риски, связанные с возможностью возникновения болезнетворных бактерий и заболеваниями проживающих в домохозяйствах людей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. In the case of individual construction, the existing design standards for district heating systems are of a reference nature. The owner of the household determines how much hot water he needs, what the temperature in the room should be. It is important that fire safety, environmental standards, sanitary standards and standards of energy allocated per household are not violated. The parameters of HWS are quantitative. There are questions about the quality of sanitary water that has contact with human skin. There are engineering solutions that can eliminate or significantly reduce these risks. It is advisable to apply these engineering solutions at the design stage.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Based on the generalization of data from scientific sources and published cases of mass diseases, the main types of pathogenic bacteria occurring in individual water and heat supply systems were identified. These are Legionella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The thresholds and conditions of viability of these bacteria are considered. The main causes that cause the risks of growth of pathogenic bacteria are classified.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Requirements of observance of complex technical measures at designing consist in necessity of selection of the equipment of systems of individual heat supply at observance of conditions of control of water intake, maintenance of preliminary heating of water up to temperature 65 °С in systems of accumulation type, constant circulation of water in circuits of water supply, use of flowing water heaters, selection of pipes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The use of technical solutions for heat supply systems of individual construction facilities can significantly reduce or completely eliminate the risks associated with the possibility of pathogenic bacteria and diseases of people living in households.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>индивидуальное строительство</kwd><kwd>отопление</kwd><kwd>горячая вода</kwd><kwd>легионелла</kwd><kwd>гигиена</kwd><kwd>домохозяйство</kwd><kwd>проточные водонагреватели</kwd><kwd>контур циркуляции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>individual construction</kwd><kwd>heating</kwd><kwd>hot water</kwd><kwd>legionella</kwd><kwd>hygiene</kwd><kwd>household</kwd><kwd>flow water heaters</kwd><kwd>circulation circuit</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Автор благодарит рецензентов за замечания по стилю изложения и научно-технической сути, способствующие более глубокому раскрытию темы научной работы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The author thanks the reviewers for their comments, both in terms of the style of presentation and the scientific and technical essence, which contribute to a deeper disclosure of the topic of scientific work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanarek P., Bogiel T., Breza-Boruta B. 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