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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgssuvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГСУ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik MGSU</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-0935</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2304-6600</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/1997-0935.2025.8.1199-1210</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgssuvest-698</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Строительное материаловедение</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Construction material engineering</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фторидно-боратные смеси как интенсификатор вспенивания шлаковых отходов тепловых электростанций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fluoride-borate mixtures as a foaming intensifier for TPP slag wastes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0013-5557</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гольцман</surname><given-names>Б. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goltsman</surname><given-names>B. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борис Михайлович Гольцман — кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры общей химии и технологии силикатов</p><p>346428, Ростовская область, г. Новочеркасск, ул. Просвещения, д. 132</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 711009, Scopus: 57144398600, ResearcherID: A-2765-2014</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris M. Goltsman — Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of General Chemistry and Technology of Silicates</p><p>132 Prosveshcheniya st., Novocherkassk, Rostov region, 346428</p><p>RSCI AuthorID: 711009, Scopus: 57144398600, ResearcherID: A-2765-2014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">b.goltsman@npi-tu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2242-1765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яценко</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatsenko</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Альфредовна Яценко — доктор технических наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой общей химии и технологии силикатов</p><p>346428, Ростовская область, г. Новочеркасск, ул. Просвещения, д. 132</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 490400, Scopus: 7003335636, ResearcherID: A-3367-2014</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Yatsenko — Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of General Chemistry and Technology of Silicates</p><p>132 Prosveshcheniya st., Novocherkassk, Rostov region, 346428</p><p>RSCI AuthorID: 490400, Scopus: 7003335636, ResearcherID: A-3367-2014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e_yatsenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeeva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Александровна Тимофеева — аспирант кафедры общей химии и технологии силикатов</p><p>346428, Ростовская область, г. Новочеркасск, ул. Просвещения, д. 132</p><p>Scopus: 58955788000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Timofeeva — postgraduate student of the Department of General Chemistry and Technology of Silicates</p><p>132 Prosveshcheniya st., Novocherkassk, Rostov region, 346428</p><p>Scopus: 58955788000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna.dirina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скубовская</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skubovskaya</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полина Александровна Скубовская — студент магистратуры</p><p>346428, Ростовская область, г. Новочеркасск, ул. Просвещения, д. 132</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina A. Skubovskaya — master’s student</p><p>132 Prosveshcheniya st., Novocherkassk, Rostov region, 346428</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polina.gladkova.02@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смолий</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smoliy</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктория Александровна Смолий — кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры общей химии и технологии силикатов</p><p>346428, Ростовская область, г. Новочеркасск, ул. Просвещения, д. 132</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 588275, Scopus: 52063721000, ResearcherID: A-3442-2014</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria A. Smoliy — Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of General Chemistry and Technology of Silicates</p><p>132 Prosveshcheniya st., Novocherkassk, Rostov region, 346428</p><p>RSCI AuthorID: 588275, Scopus: 52063721000, ResearcherID: A-3442-2014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vikk-toria@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Южно-Российский государственный политехнический университет (НПИ) имени М.И. Платова (ЮРГПУ (НПИ))<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">M.I. Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>1199</fpage><lpage>1210</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гольцман Б.М., Яценко Е.А., Тимофеева А.А., Скубовская П.А., Смолий В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гольцман Б.М., Яценко Е.А., Тимофеева А.А., Скубовская П.А., Смолий В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Goltsman B.M., Yatsenko E.A., Timofeeva A.A., Skubovskaya P.A., Smoliy V.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnikmgsu.ru/jour/article/view/698">https://www.vestnikmgsu.ru/jour/article/view/698</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Исследована возможность интенсификации процесса вспенивания шлаковых отходов тепловых электростанций (ТЭС) путем введения смеси плавней (флюсов), состоящей из тетрабората натрия (Na2B4O7) и фторида натрия (NaF). Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью эффективной утилизации промышленных отходов и получения на их основе строительных материалов с улучшенными характеристиками. Научная новизна работы заключается в изучении совместного влияния данных плавней на процессы вспенивания и формирование пористой структуры материала. Цель исследования — оптимизация состава флюсующей смеси для снижения температуры плавления и повышения качества пористых силикатных материалов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Использованы методы рентгенофазового анализа, инфракрасной спектроскопии, микроскопического анализа и экспериментального определения плотности образцов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Проведено изучение изменений температурных режимов спекания и вспенивания при совместном введении смесей Na2B4O7 и NaF, а также их влияния на структурные и фазовые характеристики материалов. Показано, что тетраборат натрия способствует равномерному распределению пор и формированию аморфной стеклофазы. Фторид вызывает интенсивное оплавление структуры при повышенных температурах, а также рекристаллизацию расплава с формированием кристаллов альбита. Выявлено оптимальное соотношение плавней, обеспечивающее минимальную плотность, стабильную пористую структуру и формирование стеклокристаллического каркаса, способствующего повышению прочности.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Полученные результаты демонстрируют перспективность метода утилизации шлаковых отходов ТЭС для получения пористых строительных материалов по технологии «самовспенивания». Дальнейшие исследования могут быть направлены на оптимизацию флюсующих смесей и изучение способов активации золошлаковых отходов для улучшения технологических характеристик получаемых изделий.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The possibility of intensifying the foaming process of thermal power plant (TPP) slag waste by introducing a mixture of fluxes consisting of sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7) and sodium fluoride (NaF) was studied. The relevance of the study is due to the need for efficient recycling of industrial waste and the production of building materials with improved characteristics based on them. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the study of the combined effect of these fluxes on the foaming processes and the formation of the porous structure of the material. The purpose of the study is to optimize the composition of the fluxing mixture to reduce the melting point and improve the quality of porous silicate materials.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The methods of X-ray phase analysis (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), microscopic analysis and experimental determination of the density of specimens were used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A study of changes in the temperature modes of sintering and foaming with the combined introduction of Na2B4O7 and NaF mixtures was performed, as well as their effect on the structural and phase characteristics of the materials. It was shown that sodium tetraborate promotes uniform distribution of pores and formation of amorphous glass phase. Fluoride causes intensive melting of the structure at elevated temperatures, as well as recrystallization of the melt with formation of albite crystals. The optimal ratio of fluxes was revealed, providing minimum density, stable porous structure and formation of glass-crystalline framework, which contributes to increased strength.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The obtained results demonstrate the prospects of the method of recycling slag waste of thermal power plants for obtaining porous building materials using the “self-foaming” technology. Further research can be aimed at optimizing fluxing mixtures and studying the methods of activating ash and slag waste to improve the technological characteristics of the resulting products.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пористый утеплитель</kwd><kwd>шлак ТЭС</kwd><kwd>самовспенивание</kwd><kwd>плавень</kwd><kwd>бура</kwd><kwd>фторид натрия</kwd><kwd>рециклинг отходов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>porous thermal insulator</kwd><kwd>TPP slag</kwd><kwd>self-foaming</kwd><kwd>flux</kwd><kwd>borax</kwd><kwd>sodium fluoride</kwd><kwd>waste recycling</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда, соглашение № 23-79-01004. Также авторы благодарят анонимных рецензентов за объективную оценку работы.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was performed with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation, Agreement No. 23-79-01004. The authors also thank the anonymous reviewers for an objective assessment of the work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nicolás M.F., Chávez M.M., Vlasova M., Pi Puig T. Low-temperature sintering of ceramic bricks from clay, waste glass and sand // Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio. 2024. Vol. 63. Issue 5. Pp. 377–388. DOI: 10.1016/j.bsecv.2024.06.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nicolás M.F., Chávez M.M., Vlasova M., Pi Puig T. Low-temperature sintering of ceramic bricks from clay, waste glass and sand. 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