mgssuvestВестник МГСУVestnik MGSU1997-09352304-6600Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)10.22227/1997-0935.2025.10.1553-1564mgssuvest-754Research ArticleСтроительное материаловедениеConstruction material engineeringРазработка составов геополимерных бетоновDevelopment of geopolymer concrete compositionshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5857-1891ЛунёвА. А.LunevA. A.

Александр Александрович Лунёв — кандидат технических наук, директор центра компетенций в сфере использования вторичных материальных ресурсов в строительной отрасли

644080, г. Омск, пр. Мира, д. 5

Scopus: 57198893763, ResearcherID: AAZ-4755-2021

Aleksandr A. Lunev — Candidate of Technical Sciences, Director of the Competence Center for the Use of Secondary Material Resources in the Construction Industry

5 Mira avenue, Omsk, 644080

Scopus: 57198893763, ResearcherID: AAZ-4755-2021

lunev.al.al@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1717-9302ЯвинскийА. В.YavinskiyA. V.

Александр Викторович Явинский — преподаватель кафедры промышленного и гражданского строительства

644080, г. Омск, пр. Мира, д. 5

ResearcherID: OEO-0235-2025

Alexander V. Yavinskiy — lecturer at the Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering

5 Mira avenue, Omsk, 644080

ResearcherID: OEO-0235-2025

121qqz@mail.ruГоликовС. В.GolikovS. V.

Сергей Валентинович Голиков — руководитель проектов

630007, г. Новосибирск, ул. Свердлова, д. 7

Sergey V. Golikov — project manager

7 Sverdlova st., Novosibirsk, 630007

GolikovSV@sibgenco.ruСаньковП. А.SankovP. A.

Петр Александрович Саньков — директор по реализации золошлаков

630007, г. Новосибирск, ул. Свердлова, д. 7

Petr A. Sankov — Director for ash and slag sales

7 Sverdlova st., Novosibirsk, 630007

SanykovPA@sibgenco.ruСибирский государственный автомобильно-дорожный университет (СибАДИ)РоссияThe Siberian State Automobile and Highway University (SibADI)Russian FederationСибирская генерирующая компания (СГК)РоссияSiberian Generating CompanyRussian Federation202531102025201015531564Copyright © Лунёв А.А., Явинский А.В., Голиков С.В., Саньков П.А., 20252025Лунёв А.А., Явинский А.В., Голиков С.В., Саньков П.А.Lunev A.A., Yavinskiy A.V., Golikov S.V., Sankov P.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vestnikmgsu.ru/jour/article/view/754Введение

Введение. Глобальное потепление и значительный вклад цементной промышленности в выбросы углекислого газа (7–8 % от общего объема) делают поиск экологически безопасных альтернатив портландцементу актуальной задачей. Одной из таких альтернатив являются геополимеры — безобжиговые вяжущие материалы, получаемые путем щелочной активации алюмосиликатного сырья. Геополимеры превосходят портландцемент по энергоэффективности, ресурсосбережению и экологичности, а их структура и химический состав принципиально отличаются от традиционных цементов. Использование геополимеров в строительной отрасли может позволить значительно снизить затраты на строительство и улучшить экологическую обстановку в регионах.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Рассмотрены зола-уноса, золошлаковая смесь, молотый гранулированный доменный шлак, калиевое и натриевое жидкое стекло, которые использовались для приготовления геополимерного вяжущего. Для определения прочности образцов вяжущего применялся пресс ИР 5081-5. Прочность геополимерного бетона испытывалась с помощью пресса ТП-1-350. Испытание на морозостойкость проводилось по ускоренному методу с использованием климатической камеры. Водонепроницаемость определялась с помощью прибора АГАМА-2РМ.

Результаты

Результаты. Представлены результаты комплексных испытаний по подбору состава геополимерного вяжущего и бетонов на его основе в качестве альтернативы тяжелому бетону на портландцементном вяжущем. Подобраны составы геополимерного бетона, которые соответствуют классам бетона B15, B20, B22,5, B25, B30. Изучено влияние тепловлажностной обработки (ТВО) на прочность получаемого геополимерного вяжущего.

Выводы

Выводы. Проведены химические и физико-механические испытания компонентов геополимерного вяжущего. Изучено влияние вида используемого жидкого стекла и ТВО на прочность геополимерного вяжущего. Подобраны рациональные составы геополимерного вяжущего и бетонов на его основе. Получены данные испытаний геополимерного бетона на водонепроницаемость, прочность при сжатии и изгибе, пористость, морозостойкость. У геополимерных смесей измерена осадка конуса. По результатам испытаний можно сделать вывод, что представленные составы геополимерного вяжущего классом до B30 можно использовать в строительной отрасли в качестве альтернативы портландцементым бетонам.

Introduction

Introduction. Global warming and the cement industry’s significant contribution to carbon dioxide emissions (7–8 % of the total) make the search for environmentally friendly alternatives to Portland cement an urgent challenge. One of the most promising alternatives is geopolymers — heat-free binders produced through the alkaline activation of aluminosilicate raw materials. Geopolymers outperform conventional cement in terms of energy efficiency, resource conservation, and environmental performance, and their structure and chemical composition fundamentally differ from those of traditional cements. The use of geopolymers in construction can substantially reduce costs and improve the environmental situation in the regions.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The materials investigated included fly ash, ash-and-slag mixture, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, potassium and sodium silicate solutions used for the preparation of the geopolymer binder. An IR 5081-5 press was employed to determine the strength of the binder specimens, while the strength of geopolymer concrete was tested using a TP-1-350 press. Frost resistance was evaluated using an accelerated method in a climate chamber. Water permeability was determined with an AGAMA-2PM testing apparatus.

Results

Results. The study presents the results of a comprehensive investigation into the selection of geopolymer binder and concrete compositions as alternatives to conventional heavy concrete based on cement binders. The developed geopolymer concrete compositions correspond to concrete strength classes B15, B20, B22.5, B25, and B30. The effect of heat and moisture treatment on the strength characteristics of the geopolymer binder was examined.

Conclusions

Conclusions. Chemical and physico-mechanical analyses of the geopolymer binder components were carried out. The influence of the type of silicate solution and of the heat-and-moisture curing regime on the binder strength was investigated. Rational compositions of geopolymer binders and corresponding concretes were developed. Test results on water resistance, compressive and flexural strength, porosity, and frost resistance were obtained, and the workability of geopolymer mixtures (cone slump) was evaluated. According to the findings, geopolymer binder compositions up to class B30 can be successfully applied in the construction industry as an environmentally friendly alternative to Portland-cement concretes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.