mgssuvestВестник МГСУVestnik MGSU1997-09352304-6600Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)10.22227/1997-0935.2025.11.1718-1727mgssuvest-787Research ArticleГидравлика. Геотехника. Гидротехническое строительствоHydraulics. Geotechnique. Hydrotechnical constructionПерспективы модификации метода получения струвита из высококонцентрированных сточных водProspects for modifying the method of obtaining struvite from highly concentrated wastewaterЛипатовВ. С.LipatovV. S.

Виталий Сергеевич Липатов — аспирант кафедры строительства систем и сооружений водоснабжения и водоотведения

117485, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 23

Vitaly S. Lipatov — postgraduate student of the Department of Construction of Water Supply and Sanitation Systems and Structures

23 Miklukho-Maklaya st., Moscow, 117485

vitalylipatov@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4893-8922ГогинаЕ. С.GoginaE. S.

Елена Сергеевна Гогина — кандидат технических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой строительства систем и сооружений водоснабжения и водоотведения

117485, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 23

РИНЦ AuthorID: 298730, Scopus: 55841908100, ResearcherID: P-7887-2015

Elena S. Gogina — Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Construction of Water Supply and Sanitation Systems and Structures

23 Miklukho-Maklaya st., Moscow, 117485

RSCI AuthorID: 298730, Scopus: 55841908100, ResearcherID: P-7887-2015

goginaes@mgri.ruРоссийский государственный геологоразведочный университет имени Серго Орджоникидзе (МГРИ)РоссияSergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting (MGRI)Russian Federation202517122025201117181727Copyright © Липатов В.С., Гогина Е.С., 20252025Липатов В.С., Гогина Е.С.Lipatov V.S., Gogina E.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vestnikmgsu.ru/jour/article/view/787Введение

Введение. Рассматриваются исследования влияния примесей на кристаллизацию струвита при извлечении азота и фосфора из высококонцентрированных сточных вод (СВ). Показана практическая значимость учета ингибирующих и интенсифицирующих факторов для повышения выхода и чистоты продукта.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Обобщаются рецензируемые публикации 2006–2025 гг. на русском и английском языках, отобранные по поиску в крупных библиографических базах. Анализируются типы СВ и условия процесса (диапазон кислотности, соотношение магния, аммония и фосфата, применение затравок, режимы работы реакторов) и влияние неорганических и органических примесей.

Результаты

Результаты. Выделяются основные ингибиторы: кальций (перевод фосфора в фосфаты кальция), железо (III) (конкурирующее осаждение железофосфатов), тяжелые металлы (дефекты решетки и замедление роста), карбонатная система и растворенный углекислый газ (снижение доступности магния и доли фосфат-ионов), а также высокомолекулярные органические вещества (комплексообразование и пассивация поверхности). В качестве интенсификаторов описываются малые дозы алюминия с коагулирующим эффектом, использование твердых частиц как затравок и оптимизация ионной силы.

Выводы

Выводы. Для устойчивого образования струвита в реальных СВ необходимы предварительная подготовка (снижение кальция и железа, удаление тяжелых металлов и органических примесей) и управление пересыщением (контроль кислотности, удаление углекислого газа, введение затравок). Учет состава примесей повышает степень извлечения фосфора и аммонийного азота и улучшает качество продукта.

Introduction

Introduction. The paper examines the influence of impurities on struvite crystallization during nitrogen and phosphorus extraction from highly concentrated wastewater. The practical importance of considering inhibiting and intensifying factors to increase the yield and purity of the product is shown.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The reviewed publications from 2006–2025 in Russian and English, selected by searching in large bibliographic databases, are summarized. The types of wastewater and process conditions (acidity range, magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate ratio, use of seed, reactor operating modes) and the influence of inorganic and organic impurities are analyzed.

Results

Results. The main inhibitors are: calcium (conversion of phosphorus to calcium phosphates), iron (III) (competitive precipitation of iron phosphates), heavy metals (lattice defects and growth retardation), the carbonate system and dissolved carbon dioxide (reduced magnesium availability and the proportion of phosphate ions), and high-molecular organic substances (complexation and surface passivation). Small doses of aluminum with a coagulating effect, the use of solid particles as seed and optimization of the ionic strength are described as intensifiers.

Conclusions

Conclusions. For sustainable struvite formation in real wastewater, pretreatment (reduction of calcium and iron, removal of heavy metals and organic impurities) and supersaturation control (acidity control, removal of carbon dioxide, and the introduction of seeding agents) are required. Considering the composition of impurities increases the degree of extraction of phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen and improves the quality of the product.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.