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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgssuvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГСУ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik MGSU</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-0935</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2304-6600</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/1997-0935.2026.1.67-83</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgssuvest-842</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Проектирование и конструирование строительных систем. Строительная механика. Основания и фундаменты, подземные сооружения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Construction system design and layout planning. Construction mechanics. Bases and foundations, underground structures</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка тепловой эффективности наружных вертикальных ограждений зданий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the thermal efficiency of external vertical building enclosures</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-2784</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туснина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tusnina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Александровна Туснина — кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры металлических и деревянных конструкций</p><p>129337, г. Москва, Ярославское шоссе, д. 26</p><p>Scopus: 55975424400, ResearcherID: U-7848-2018</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Tusnina — Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Metal and Timber Structures</p><p>26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337</p><p>Scopus: 55975424400, ResearcherID: U-7848-2018</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">TusninaOA@mgsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0328-0848</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туснина</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tusnina</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валентина Матвеевна Туснина — кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры архитектурно-строительного проектирования и физики среды</p><p>129337, г. Москва, Ярославское шоссе, д. 26</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 455915, Scopus: 56296961500, ResearcherID: AAD-8968-2022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina M. Tusnina — Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor docent, Associate Professor of the Department of Architectural and Construction Design and Physics of the Environment</p><p>26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337</p><p>RSCI AuthorID: 455915, Scopus: 56296961500, ResearcherID: AAD-8968-2022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">TusninaVM@mgsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет (НИУ МГСУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Туснина О.А., Туснина В.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Туснина О.А., Туснина В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tusnina O.A., Tusnina V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnikmgsu.ru/jour/article/view/842">https://www.vestnikmgsu.ru/jour/article/view/842</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Проектная документация на строительство капитального объекта включает раздел, в котором обосновывается энергетическая эффективность проектируемого здания, подтверждаемая соответствием теплотехнических показателей нормам, установленным на территории России. Одним из таких теплотехнических показателей является сопротивление теплопередаче наружных ограждающих конструкций здания, характеризующее их тепловую эффективность. Нормативная методика определения этого показателя, основанная на результатах теплотехнического расчета двухмерного теплового поля, не позволяет корректно оценить тепловую эффективность конструкции, так как не позволяет учесть все проблемные места по потерям тепла из здания, имеющие место в неоднородных ограждающих конструкциях и в их узловых сопряжениях.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Рассмотрено конструктивное решение фасадной системы монолитного жилого здания с лоджиями, спроектированного для строительства в г. Москве. Наружные стены выполнены из монолитного железо-бетона и газобетонных блоков с применением навесной вентилируемой фасадной системы. Оценка тепловой эффективности исследуемого ограждения здания проводилась на основе теплотехнического расчета трехмерного температурного поля с использованием вычислительного комплекса TEPL.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Приведены результаты анализа распределения температур на поверхностях теплообмена, которые позволили установить зоны излишних тепловых потерь в исследуемых конструкциях. Предложены варианты дополнительного утепления конструкций здания. С помощью программного комплекса TEPL вычислены величины приведенного сопротивления теплопередаче исследуемых ограждающих конструкций, позволившие достоверно оценить тепловую эффективность проектного конструктивного решения наружного ограждения (до утепления) и утепленных конструкций.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Оценку тепловой эффективности наружных вертикальных ограждающих конструкций следует производить на основе численного расчета трехмерного температурного поля, позволяющего не только точно определить величину приведенного сопротивления теплопередаче ограждения, но и выявить все имеющиеся в конструкции «мостики холода» для их устранения в конструктивном решении.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The project documentation for the construction of a permanent structure contains a section justifying the building’s energy efficiency. This justification is based on the compliance of its thermal performance parameters with the norms in force in Russia. A key parameter is the thermal of the external building envelope, which serves as a measure of its thermal effectiveness. However, the normative calculation method for this parameter, which relies on a two-dimensional heat transfer analysis, is inadequate for accurately evaluating true thermal performance. Its primary shortcoming is the inability to model all critical heat loss areas — specifically, thermal bridges present in non-uniform envelope assemblies and at structural junctions.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The paper presents an analysis of the facade system design implemented in a monolithic residential building with balconies, intended for construction in Moscow. The exterior walls are constructed from monolithic reinforced concrete and autoclaved aerated concrete blocks within a ventilated facade system. Thermal performance was assessed via 3D heat transfer modelling using TEPL software.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The analysis of temperature distribution on surfaces has identified specific areas of excessive heat loss within the structures. Corresponding measures for additional insulation have been developed. Calculations performed withthe TEPL software package determined the design thermal resistance of the building envelope assemblies. These results provide a verified assessment of the thermal efficiency for both the original design and the proposed insulated solutions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The findings advocate for a paradigm shift in practice, proposing that the thermal evaluation of external vertical enclosures should be based on 3D numerical modelling. Such an analysis provides a reliable value for the equivalent thermal resistance and, crucially, maps all thermal bridges, informing necessary design corrections to mitigate them.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ограждающие конструкции</kwd><kwd>тепловая эффективность</kwd><kwd>сопротивление теплопередаче</kwd><kwd>температурное поле</kwd><kwd>тепловые потери</kwd><kwd>численный метод теплотехнического расчета</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>enclosing structures</kwd><kwd>thermal efficiency</kwd><kwd>thermal resistance</kwd><kwd>temperature field</kwd><kwd>heat loss</kwd><kwd>numerical heat transfer analysis method</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patankar S.V. Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow. NY, 1980. 197 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patankar S.V. Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow. 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