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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgssuvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГСУ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik MGSU</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-0935</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2304-6600</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/1997-0935.2023.10.1608-1616</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgssuvest-87</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Инженерные системы в строительстве</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Engineering systems in construction</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Классификация электрических котлов резистивного нагрева автономных водяных систем теплоснабжения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Classification of electric resistive heating boilers for autonomous water heating systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-6948</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торопов</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toropov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Леонидович Торопов — кандидат технических наук, генеральный директор — главный конструктор</p><p>105122, г. Москва, Щелковское шоссе, д. 13</p><p>РИНЦ ID: 1030472</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey L. Toropov — Candidate of Technical Sciences, General Director — Chief Designer</p><p>13 Schelkovskoe shosse, Moscow, 105122</p><p>ID RSCI: 1030472</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Toropov@aprilgroup.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Инженерный центр «Апрель» (ИЦ «Апрель»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Engineering Center “April”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1608</fpage><lpage>1616</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Торопов А.Л., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Торопов А.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Toropov A.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnikmgsu.ru/jour/article/view/87">https://www.vestnikmgsu.ru/jour/article/view/87</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Электрические котлы рассматриваются как важный элемент энергетического перехода от использования углеводородного топлива к возобновляемой энергии. Электрический котел — одно из популярных решений технологии Power-to-Heat, широко применяется в домохозяйствах для отопления водяными системами с радиаторами и низкотемпературными приборами отопления типа «теплый пол». Анализируется вариант джоулевого нагрева теплоносителя систем отопления, посредством которого при прохождении электрического тока по токопроводящему элементу выделяется тепло.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Объект исследования — варианты конструкций теплообменников генерации тепловой энергии с помощью резисторных нагревательных элементов нормального проводникового и полупроводникового типа. Рассмотрены различные варианты косвенного нагрева теплоносителя и контактов поверхности нагревательных элементов с теплоносителем. Использованы методы сравнительного анализа и балльной оценки применимости различных конструкций.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Представлена классификация электрических котлов по типам нагревательных резисторов, контакту, размещению нагревательных элементов в теплообменнике, форме теплообменника, варианту контакта нагревательного элемента с теплоносителем. Дан сравнительный комплексный анализ вариантов электрических тепловых генераторов.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Результаты сравнительного анализа вариантов конструкции электрических котлов показывают перспективность использования в качестве нагревательных элементов полупроводниковых термисторов. По конструкции исполнения камеры генерации тепловой энергии с точки зрения компактности, удельной мощности и снижения условий выпадения осадков солей жесткости теплоносителя наиболее эффективными являются канальные пластинчатые электрические теплообменники.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Electric boilers are considered as an important element of the energy transition from the use of hydrocarbon fuels to renewable energy. Electric boiler is one of the popular solutions of “Power-to-Heat” technology, widely used in households for heating with water systems with radiators and low-temperature heating devices of the “floor heating” type. The paper considers a variant of Joule heating of the coolant of heating systems, by means of which heat is released when an electric current passes through a conductive element.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The object of the research is the variants of designs of heat exchangers for generating heat energy using resistor heating elements of normal conductor and semiconductor type. Various variants of indirect heating of the coolant and contacts of the surface of the heating elements with the coolant are considered. Methods of comparative analysis and scoring of the applicability of various designs are used in the work.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The classification of electric boilers by types of heating resistors, by contact, by placement of heating elements in the heat exchanger, by the shape of the heat exchanger, by the variant heating element contact with the coolant is presented. A comparative comprehensive analysis of variants of electric heat generators is given.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The results of comparative analysis of design variants of electric boilers show the prospectively of using semiconductor thermistors as heating elements. According to the design of the heat energy generation chamber in terms of compactness, power density and reduction of precipitation conditions for coolant stiffness, channel plate electric heat exchangers are the most effective.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электрический котел</kwd><kwd>резистивный нагрев</kwd><kwd>резистор</kwd><kwd>термистор</kwd><kwd>PTC-элемент</kwd><kwd>классификация котлов</kwd><kwd>трубчатый электрический нагреватель</kwd><kwd>теплообменник</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electric boiler</kwd><kwd>resistive heating</kwd><kwd>resistor</kwd><kwd>thermistor</kwd><kwd>PTC element</kwd><kwd>boiler classification</kwd><kwd>tubular electric heater</kwd><kwd>heat exchanger</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Автор благодарит рецензентов за замечания по стилю изложения и научно-технической сути, способствующих более глубокому раскрытию темы научной работы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The author thanks the reviewers for their comments, both in terms of the style of presentation and the scientific and technical essence, which contribute to a deeper disclosure of the topic of scientific work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bloess A., Schill W.P., Zerrahn A. 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