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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mgssuvest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник МГСУ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik MGSU</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-0935</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2304-6600</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/1997-0935.2026.4.560-576</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mgssuvest-969</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Строительное материаловедение</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Construction material engineering</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Бесцементные вяжущие системы на основе отходов производства глинозема, твердеющие за счет принудительной карбонизации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cement-free binder systems based on alumina production waste hardened by forced carbonation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6255-8948</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бахтин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakhtin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Сергеевич Бахтин — кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры строительного инжиниринга и материаловедения</p><p>295000, г. Симферополь, ул. Киевская, д. 181</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 846523, Scopus: 57191596769, ResearcherID: N-9489-2016</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr S. Bakhtin — Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Construction Engineering and Materials Science</p><p>181 Kiyevskaya st., Simferopol, 295000</p><p>RSCI AuthorID: 846523, Scopus: 57191596769, ResearcherID: N-9489-2016</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleserba@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6298-5077</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любомирский</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyubomirskiy</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Владимирович Любомирский — доктор технических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры строительного инжиниринга и материаловедения</p><p>295000, г. Симферополь, ул. Киевская, д. 181</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 779436, Scopus: 57202812296, ResearcherID: Y-4548-2019</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay V. Lyubomirskiy — Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Construction Engineering and Materials Science</p><p>181 Kiyevskaya st., Simferopol, 295000</p><p>RSCI AuthorID: 779436, Scopus: 57202812296, ResearcherID: Y-4548-2019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">niklub.ua@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5241-0074</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бахтина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakhtina</surname><given-names>T. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тамара Алексеевна Бахтина — кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры строительного инжиниринга и материаловедения</p><p>295000, г. Симферополь, ул. Киевская, д. 181</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 840822, Scopus: 57202813160, ResearcherID: N-8860-2016</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamara А. Bakhtina — Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Construction Engineering and Materials Science</p><p>181 Kiyevskaya st., Simferopol, 295000</p><p>RSCI AuthorID: 840822, Scopus: 57202813160, ResearcherID: N-8860-2016</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.bakhtina83@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Биленко</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bilenko</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Герман Русланович Биленко — аспирант кафедры строительного инжиниринга и материаловедения</p><p>295000, г. Симферополь, ул. Киевская, д. 181</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 1099392</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>German R. Bilenko — postgraduate student of the Department of Construction Engineering and Materials Science</p><p>181 Kiyevskaya st., Simferopol, 295000</p><p>RSCI AuthorID: 1099392</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ger-bilenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюнюков</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyunyukov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Анатольевич Тюнюков — аспирант кафедры строительного инжиниринга и материаловедения</p><p>295000, г. Симферополь, ул. Киевская, д. 181</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Tyunyukov — postgraduate student of the Department of Construction Engineering and Materials Science</p><p>181 Kiyevskaya st., Simferopol, 295000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">utyunyukovv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт «Академия строительства и архитектуры» (структурное подразделение) Крымского федерального университета имени В.И. Вернадского (АСиА КФУ им. В.И. Вернадского)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute “Academy of Construction and Architecture” (a structural division) of the V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>560</fpage><lpage>576</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бахтин А.С., Любомирский Н.В., Бахтина Т.А., Биленко Г.Р., Тюнюков И.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бахтин А.С., Любомирский Н.В., Бахтина Т.А., Биленко Г.Р., Тюнюков И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bakhtin A.S., Lyubomirskiy N.V., Bakhtina T.А., Bilenko G.R., Tyunyukov I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnikmgsu.ru/jour/article/view/969">https://www.vestnikmgsu.ru/jour/article/view/969</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Утилизация отходов производства с получением полезного продукта — один из базовых постулатов концепции устойчивого развития. В связи с этим актуальной задачей являются исследования получения вяжущих веществ и строительных изделий на их основе из отходов металлургических производств, твердеющих в среде углекислого газа за счет его поглощения, приобретая при этом необходимые физико-механические свойства.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Основным сырьевым компонентом стал нефелиновый шлам (НФШ) — вторичное сырье, образующееся из нефелиновых концентратов Кольского полуострова при производстве глинозема щелочным способом. Кристаллические фазы анализировали по измерению дифракции рентгеновских лучей (XRD) на дифракто-метре Europe 600 (GNR). Термический анализ проводили с помощью анализатора STA 8000 (Perkin Elmer). Дисперсный состав нефелинового шлама определяли методом лазерной дифракции на лазерном анализаторе размеров частиц Partica LA-960 (Horiba). Изменение пористости осуществлялось на Automated Standard Porosimeter 3.2 (MPM&amp;P Research Inc). Механические характеристики опытных образцов определяли на автоматической сервогидравлической консоли управления МСС8 в комплекте с программным обеспечением.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. НФШ состоит не менее чем на 85 % мас. из белита (β-С2S). Выявлено, что процесс активного поглощения СО2 нефелиновым шламом наблюдается в первые 120 мин карбонизации. Прочность при сжатии получаемого материала достигает 58 МПа, а после последующей гидратации прочность возрастает до 69 МПа. Рост прочности обусловлен образованием карбоната кальция в карбонизирующейся системе. При последующей гидратации образуются гелеобразные продукты гидратации белита, дополнительно упрочняющие карбонизированный материал. С помощью метода эталонной контактной порометрии установлено, что в результате принудительной карбонизации материал уплотняется, общая пористость опытных образцов существенно уменьшается. Определено, что эффективные радиусы пор карбонизированных образцов смещаются в сторону меньших значений, в сравнении с образцами, не подверженными карбонизации, при этом данный процесс протекает в области макропор (0,1–16 мкм).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. На основе НФШ возможно получение строительных изделий, твердеющих в среде углекислого газа за счет его связывания и последующего процесса гидратации оставшегося белита, с получением материала, обладающего высокими физико-механическими свойствами.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The disposal of industrial waste to produce a useful product is one of the basic tenets of the concept of sustainable development. In this regard, an urgent task is to study the production of binders and building products based on them from waste from metallurgical industries, which harden in the environment of carbon dioxide due to its absorption, while acquiring the necessary physical and mechanical properties.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The main raw material component was nepheline sludge, a secondary raw material formed from nepheline concentrates of the Kola Peninsula during the production of alumina by the alkaline method. The crystalline phases were analyzed by measuring X-ray diffraction (XRD) on a Europe 600 (GNR) diffractometer. Thermal analysis to determine the mineralogical composition of nepheline sludge and artificial stone based on it was performed using a STA 8000 analyzer (Perkin Elmer). The dispersed composition of the nepheline sludge was determined by laser diffraction on a laser particle size analyzer Partica LA-960 (Horiba). Porosity was changed using the Automated Standard Porosimeter 3.2 (MPM&amp;P Research Inc.). The mechanical characteristics of the prototypes were determined on an automatic servo-hydraulic MCS8 control console complete with software.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Nepheline sludge consists of at least 85 % by weight from belite (β-C2S). It was revealed that the process of active CO2 absorption by nepheline sludge is observed in the first 120 minutes of carbonation. The compressive strength of the resulting material reaches 58 MPa, and after subsequent hydration, the strength increases to 70 MPa. The increase in strength is due to the formation of calcium carbonate in the carbonizing system. During subsequent hydration, gel-like hydration products of belite are formed, which additionally strengthen the carbonized material. Using the method of reference contact porosimetry, it was found that as a result of forced carbonation, the material is compacted, and the total porosity of the prototypes is significantly reduced. It is determined that the effective pore radii of carbonized specimens are shifted towards lower values in comparison with specimens not subject to carbonation, while this process takes place in the macropore region (0.1–16 µm).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Based on nepheline sludge, it is possible to obtain construction products that harden in a carbon dioxide environment due to its binding and subsequent hydration process, to obtain a material with high physical and mechanical properties.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нефелиновый шлам</kwd><kwd>принудительная карбонизация</kwd><kwd>гидратация</kwd><kwd>поглощение СО2</kwd><kwd>механические свойства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nepheline sludge</kwd><kwd>hydration</kwd><kwd>forced carbonation</kwd><kwd>CO2 absorption</kwd><kwd>mechanical properties</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках реализации в КФУ им. В.И. Вернадского федеральной программы поддержки университетов «Приоритет 2030». Авторы выражают благодарность рецензентам за ценные замечания и дополнения при работе над статьей.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out as part of the implementation of the federal university support program “Prio-rity 2030” at the V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their valuable comments and additions while working on the article.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schneider T., Kaul C.M., Pressel K.G. Possible climate transitions from breakup of stratocumulus decks under greenhouse warming // Nature Geoscience. 2019. Vol. 12. Issue 3. Pp. 163–167. DOI: 10.1038/s41561-019-0310-1. 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