Apartment buildings of the late XIX – early XX centuries as elements of two-storey wooden buildings in Ryazan

Introduction. The paper presents the results of a study of Ryazan apartment buildings built at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries, which are important elements of the historical and architectural environment. The construction of apartment buildings influenced the formation of a new architectural type of urban development; both entire apartment complexes and individual multi-apartment buildings appeared on the city streets. The relevance of the work is due to a number of factors: the lack of comprehensive studies on the stated topic; the rapid disappearance of this type of historical residential architecture; the need to identify the characteristic features of Ryazan two-storey apartment buildings, which are elements of the historical and architectural environment. The purpose of the research is to study the surviving two-storey wooden apartment buildings, identify their planning, functional, volumetric-spatial and architectural-artistic features.

Materials and methods. In order to identify the surviving objects, field surveys with photo recording were conducted. The features of the location of objects in the building structure and their interaction with the surrounding architectural and spatial environment made it possible to identify historical-urban planning and visual-landscape analyses. Scientific works, archival documents and photographic materials were analyzed; graphic materials were compiled and processed.

Results. During the study, 30 surviving two-storey apartment buildings were identified. A comprehensive analysis of the objects made it possible to identify a number of characteristic features of this type of residential pre-revolutionary architecture in the historical centre of Ryazan: location, functional planning solution, variability of volume compositions and decorative solutions.

Conclusions. At the beginning of the XXI century, a large percentage of the old buildings of Ryazan were lost due to the construction of new residential complexes and centres for various purposes. The central and peripheral streets with wooden buildings suffered especially. Each preserved element of the historically formed centre is a unique monument. A special role is played by two-storey wooden houses (formerly tenement houses), which bear characteristic traces of the Ryazan culture of the period of the XIX – early XX centuries.

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