Thermogravitational ventilation system for residential buildings

Introduction. The article discusses the conceptual foundations of the model of a thermogravitational ventilation system for residential buildings, based on the study of buildings with low ventilation needs in climate conditions where the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor air is great. Gravity ventilation is considered in the context of the thermal regime of walls in the course of insolation of building facades erected in regions with predominantly high solar heat fluxes.

Materials and methods. A method involving a database of hydrometeorological reference books was used to analyse and monitor the sunlight and wind regime in the countries with extended warm seasons. The process of natural ventilation was studied in the Revit program using methods of sunlight analysis of structural shells of buildings; field studies of insolation and thermal regimes were also employed.

Results. A theoretical proposition was developed for the thermogravitational ventilation of buildings in areas featuring long warm seasons. A physical and mathematical model of a thermogravitational ventilation system was devised; it describes a natural process of indoor air circulation based on a difference in the air density inside and outside buildings. An integrated approach was applied to study the mechanism of natural aeration of apartments; full-scale experimental studies were conducted; mathematical models of microclimate and thermophysical processes were developed; software and thermal imaging surveys were employed.

Conclusions. The author’s theoretical proposition, developed for thermogravitational ventilation in buildings erected in areas with long warm seasons, enables researchers to devise a physical and mathematical model of a thermogravitational ventilation system of buildings, describing the natural process of indoor air circulation based on a difference in indoor and outdoor air density. In general, thermogravitational ventilation is an effective and environmentally friendly solution for natural air exchange, because it maintains a comfortable indoor air regime, especially in low-wind and calm environments.

1. Elterman V.M. Ventilation of food products. Moscow, Book on Demand, 2021; 284. (rus.).

2. Tabunshchikov Yu.A., Brodach M.M., Shil-kin N.V. Energy-efficient buildings. Moscow, AVOK-press, 2015; 193. (rus.).

3. Giyazov A.I., Mirzoev S.M., Abdulrahman K. Modeling thermal and wind processes in the near-wall layer of building envelopes subjected to insolation. Vestnik MGSU [Monthly Journal on Construction and Architecture]. 2022; 17(3):285-297. DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2022.3.285-297. EDN ICZMOO. (rus.).

4. Golenkov A.V. Problems of using natural ventilation in residential buildings. Innovations in construction – 2022 : proceedings of the international scientific and practical conference. 2022; 108-109. EDN EUYNQJ. (rus.).

5. Giyasov A.I., Mirzoev S.M. Innovative facade systems for buildings in hot climate conditions. E3S Web of Conferences. 2021; 263:04009. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202126304009

6. Maher D., Hana A., Arjmand J.T., Issakhov A., Sammouda H., Sheremet M. et al. Effect of inlet/outlet on thermal performance of naturally ventilated building. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies. 2021; 16(4):1348-1362. DOI: 10.1093/ijlct/ctab055

7. Taymasov S.R. Residential house ventilation system. Science Diary. 2023; 1(73). EDN IZYVCI. (rus.).

8. Zhangabay N., Giyasov A., Ibraimova U., Tursunkululy T., Kolesnikov A. Construction and climatic certification of an area as a prerequisite for development of energy-efficient buildings and their external wall constructions. Construction Materials and Products. 2024; 7(5). DOI: 10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-5-1

9. Rezaeiha A., Montazeri H., Blocken B. On the accuracy of turbulence models for CFD simulations of vertical axis wind turbines. Energy. 2019; 180:838-857. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.053

10. Awbi H.B., Hatton A. Natural convection from heated room surfaces. Energy and Buildings. 1999; 30(3):233-244. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-7788(99)00004-3

11. Giyasov A.I., Mirzoev S.M. Model of heat-wind regime of building walls with lout sun protection device. Building and Reconstruction. 2024; 1(111):3-13. DOI: 10.33979/2073-7416-2024-111-1-3-13. EDN PPVLEY. (rus.).

12. Fedorov V.V., Fedorov M.V., Levikov A.V., Hanygin D.A. Optimization of the air-heating mode reconstructed buildings. Bulletin of Tver State Technical University. Series: Construction. Electrical engineering and chemical technologies. 2020; 1(5):38-44. EDN JFCJFT. (rus.).

13. Klewerova V., Bakirzhankyzy A. Heat transfer during free convection. Global Science and Innovations: Central Asia. 2021; 7(1):(12):111-115. EDN UNLHGX. (rus.).

14. Zhangabay N., Bakhbergen S., Aldiyarov Zh., Tursunkululy T., Kolesnikov A. Analysis of thermal efficiency of external fencing made of innovative ceramic blocks. Construction Materials and Products. 2024; 7(3). DOI: 10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-3-1. EDN ICGQRW.

15. Bodrov M.V., Kuzin V.Y., Prytkova E.M., Yulanova A.F. On the factors of effective operation of natural ventilation systems. Housing Construction. 2022; 1-2:3-8. DOI: 10.31659/0044-4472-2022-1-2-3-8. EDN WBCKAK. (rus.).

16. Rymarov A.G., Khavanov P.A., Titkov D.G. Fundamentals of the formation of local temperature zones in a room. AVOK. 2021; 1:54-63. EDN CZSMHQ. (rus.).

17. Mingotti N., Chenvidyakarn T., Woods A.W. The fluid mechanics of the natural ventilation of a narrow-cavity double-skin façade. Building and Environment. 2011; 46(4):807-823. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.09.015

18. Beregovoy A.M., Shurygin I.S. Measures for thermal protection of buildings and energy saving in the system of natural ventilation of rooms. PGUAS Bulletin: construction, science and education. 2023; 2(17):4-8. EDN LHPHIR. (rus.).

19. Hong-Tham T. Pham, Solovyev A.K., Korneev S.S. А field study on effects of openings on thermal performance of natural cooling efficiency for atrium buildings. Vestnik MGSU [Monthly Journal on Construction and s Architecture]. 2022; 17(2):149-158. DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2022.2.149-158 (rus.).

20. Klyavlin M.S., Khalfina D.A., Klyavlina Ya.M., Talipov R.A. Design of building ventilation systems taking into account the influence of air permeability of fencing constructions. Oil and Gas Business. 2020; 2:26-38. DOI: 10.17122/ogbus-2020-2-26-38. EDN OFNVZR. (rus.).

21. Shilkin N.V., Brodach M.M., Shonin N.A. Adjustable supply devices in apartments of multi-storey residential buildings. AVOK. 2022; 7:22-31. EDN PBYLSS. (rus.).

22. Nemova D.V., Kotov E.V., Daurov Z.S., Olshevskiy V.Ia. Energy Efficiency of Closed Cavity Fasades. Construction of Unique Buildings and Structures. 2020; 93(8):9305. DOI: 10.18720/CUBS.93.5. EDN LOQOLU.

23. Shilkin N.V., Brodach M.M. Ventilation of apartments: architectural and planning solutions and selection of the optimal mode. AVOK. 2022; 2:34-39. EDN OYDPJC. (rus.).

24. Al-Dumaini O.A.H.Sh., Velichkin V.A. Development of a mathematical model for testing the natural ventilation: a case study for the yemeni residents. Ingineering Journal of Don. 2024; 6(114):595-605. EDN DTBOEW.

25. Retter E.I. Architectural and construction aerodynamics. Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1984; 294. (rus.).