The use of cross-oriented layers in the construction of glued wooden beams

Introduction. The proposed paper explores the possibility of using cross-oriented layers in glued wooden beams and determining the stress-strain state of such beams. The main advantage of using cross-oriented layers in glued beams is the possibility of using lumber production waste in cross-oriented layers.

Materials and methods. In this study, 3-layer and 5-layer beams glued together from only longitudinal lamellae and beams combined from longitudinal and cross-oriented layers are considered for comparison. The study is divided into two stages: the calculation of the beam structure in the Lira software package and the bending test of specimens. The test specimens were made using two types of glue: Tricol single-component polyurethane glue and glue based on phenol-formaldehyde resins BF-4.

Results. According to the calculation results in the Lira software package, the normal stresses of 3-layer beams with cross-oriented layers increased by 6.5 % compared to beams without them, and for 5-layer beams with cross-oriented layers, the normal stresses increased by 25 % relative to beams with longitudinal layers. The deformability of beams using cross-oriented layers has changed slightly by calculation compared to beams glued only from longitudinal lamellae. According to the test results, the specimens glued using a one-component polyurethane adhesive showed the best results in terms of strength and fracture pattern. These specimens showed the maximum convergence of the destructive load during testing. The average
convergence of the calculated stresses with the stresses obtained from the experimental results was about 90 %.
The average convergence of the strain calculation results and experimental data was 88.8 %.

Conclusions. Thus, when using cross-oriented layers in the construction of glued wooden beams, 3-layer specimens turned out to be the most suitable for limited use in real structures, which showed a decrease in strengthof about 20 %. The use of cross-oriented layers in glued wooden beams will reduce the waste of lumber production with a slight loss of their bearing capacity.

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