Energy efficiency of heating supply in detached houses with a hybrid heat generation system
https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2026.4.615-627
Abstract
Introduction. In the Russian Federation, 1.5 million solid fuel boilers are in operation in individual heating systems. Given population density and economic factors, the use of solid fuel in individual homes in some regions will continue for a long time. The disadvantages of operating solid fuel boilers, such as the need for manual fuel loading, large storage space, excess capacity, and other issues, can be partially or completely resolved by using hybrid heating systems with solid fuel and electric thermal generators. The aim of the study is to determine energy efficiency, describe the operating algorithm of a hybrid system and automatic switching of thermal generators, assessment of greenhouse gas emissions, economic analysis of operating costs.
Materials and methods. Energy efficiency coefficient studies were conducted at the ARDERIA plant’s test facility using an Arderia EC 12 electric heat generator. Field tests of heat losses of wood-fired boilers in standby mode were conducted in the Moscow region at a real facility equipped with a Rojek KTP20 wood-fired pyrolysis boiler with a rated output of 20 kWh.
Results. Energy efficiency indicators for solid fuel heat generators, calculated for actual heating loads during the heating season and actual fuel, differ significantly from laboratory values declared by boiler manufacturers and, for heating systems without heat accumulators, amount to 50–65 %. Static losses of solid fuel boilers in standby mode without fuel combustion amount to up to 1.5 kWh.
Conclusions. The use of hybrid heating systems for individual homes with a heat carrier switching system solves the negative heat generation issues typical of solid fuel boilers. The economic costs of using solid fuel and electricity are comparable. The carbon intensity of thermal energy using electric heat generators is significantly lower than that of solid fuel boilers.
Keywords
Supporting agencies: The author thanks the reviewers for their comments, both in terms of the style of presentation and the scientific and technical essence, which contribute to a deeper disclosure of the topic of scientific work.
About the Author
A. L. Toropov
Engineering Center “April”
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Alexey L. Toropov — Candidate of Technical Sciences, General Director — Chief Designer
13 Schelkovskoe shosse, Moscow, 105122
RSCI AuthorID: 1030472, Scopus: 58406665800
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For citations:
Toropov A.L. Energy efficiency of heating supply in detached houses with a hybrid heat generation system. Vestnik MGSU. 2026;21(4):615-627. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2026.4.615-627
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