Размыв берегов рек: современное состояние исследований
https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2026.6.964-975
Аннотация
Введение. Размыв берегов рек представляет собой сложный многомерный процесс, формирующий речные ландшафты, определяющий транспорт наносов и устойчивость экосистем. Он оказывает существенное воздействие на инфраструктуру и условия жизни населения, особенно в прибрежных и дельтовых районах. В условиях глобальных изменений окружающей среды значение данной проблемы возрастает.
Материалы и методы. Обзор основан на синтезе более чем 40-летнего междисциплинарного исследования процессов размыва берегов. Проведен систематический поиск литературы по семи тематическим направлениям: механизмы размыва, методы измерений, моделирование, растительность, климат, антропогенное влияние и социально-экономические последствия. Применялись современные методы, включая дистанционное зондирование высокого разрешения, моделирование (BSTEM) и седиментологический анализ источников наносов.
Результаты. Установлено, что размыв обусловлен взаимодействием гидравлических сил, свойств почвы, характеристик растительности, климатических колебаний и антропогенных вмешательств. Несмотря на достижения в области мониторинга и моделирования, сохраняются проблемы стандартизации и интеграции данных. Социально-экономические последствия, такие как утрата инфраструктуры и переселение, слабо представлены в моделях.
Выводы. Обозначены важнейшие научные пробелы, включая влияние изменения климата, инвазивной растительности и комплексного антропогенного давления. Подчеркивается необходимость системного междисциплинарного подхода для повышения точности прогнозирования и формирования устойчивых стратегий управления речными берегами.
Об авторе
Нгок Тхинь Фам
Университет Туйлои
Вьетнам
Вьетнам
Фам Нгок Тхинь — кандидат технических наук, преподаватель
г. Ханой
Scopus: 57200407722
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Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Фам Н. Размыв берегов рек: современное состояние исследований. Вестник МГСУ. 2026;21(6):964-975. https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2026.6.964-975
For citation:
Pham N. Riverbank erosion: a state-of-the-art review. Vestnik MGSU. 2026;21(6):964-975. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2026.6.964-975
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