A model for selecting effective solutions to enhance occupational safety and environmental safety of construction in urban areas

Introduction. The relevance of the study is driven by the need for an integrated approach to managing occupational safety and environmental safety at all stages of the life cycle of construction projects in dense urban environments. The aim of the work is to develop a mathematical model for selecting effective organizational and technological solutions that integrates technical, economic, environmental, and social parameters.

Materials and methods. The research is based on an improved mathematical model founded on a comprehensive criterion that includes reduced costs, the probability of life cycle events occurring, and a quantitative assessment of technogenic impact. The model is enhanced with coefficients accounting for the level of automation γ, spatial constraints ψ, and adaptability to changing conditions θ. For model validation, air quality monitoring was performed using IoT sensors on construction sites in Volgograd; the data was integrated into a BIM platform.

Results. The developed model allows for a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of solutions through the minimization of the comprehensive criterion Kij. Testing on specific operations (earthworks and plastering) showed that the implementation of dust suppression measures (fogging systems, exhaust units) reduces the criterion value by a factor of 1.40–2.48. The discrepancy between forecasted and actual monitoring data did not exceed 15 %, confirming the model’s adequacy.

Conclusions. The proposed model is an effective tool for the adaptive management of construction projects. It ensures comprehensive risk accounting, dynamic data updates based on BIM and IoT, and adaptation to dense urban conditions. The study’s results are recommended for application to enhance environmental safety and occupational safety throughout a facility’s entire life cycle.

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