Development and optimization of technology for crane-free installation of bridge superstructures

Introduction. The need to create a technology for the rapid installation of temporary bridges in emergency situations has led to the development of a new method of crane-free installation. The purpose of the work is to create an effective technology for the installation of a collapsible temporary large — span structure for quick installation in difficult conditions without the use of crane equipment. Scientific novelty — an innovative approach to the installation of superstructures using modular assembly is proposed. The technology is based on a combination of hydraulic jacks and a winch and is highly variable. Further development opens up new opportunities for reducing the duration of temporary road/footbridge construction in the event of unforeseen situations.

Materials and methods. Traditional installation methods were studied. The optimal design solution was selected — a cross-beam made of composite materials based on calculations performed in the SCAD programme, used as a load when calculating lifting hydraulic cylinders. A crane-free mounting technology with a lifting frame on rail rails was developed. Calculations have confirmed that this solution is technically feasible and has the necessary margin of safety, reliability and safety of operation.

Results. Temporary span structures made of composite materials with precise docking points have been created. The SCAD++ programme performs 3D modelling and load analysis. The optimal cross-beam structure was selected.
An external housing was developed for transportation and installation. The technology is adapted to work from land or water, computer control is supposed to be installed on the system for synchronicity of work, and it is suitable for urban development and emergency situations. The introduction of the technology reduces the time of installation and the cost of construction, including by saving from the non-use of heavy machinery by 15–25 %.

Conclusions. The technology of crane-free installation of bridge spans up to 50 m using hydraulic jacks and winches has been developed. The technology allows you to quickly mount structures in any conditions, including disaster recovery. The upper orthotropic coating increases the load-bearing capacity and prevents vehicles from sliding.

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