Introduction. The psychological aspects of generation of visions — visual signs of threat, prohibition, and warning, expressed by architectural forms, and dynamics of transformations of natural signs of mental influence on conventional, pictorial ones, which play an essential role in the dynamics of social transformations of modern society, are considered.

Materials and methods. The main methodological technique of the study is to isolate from positive concepts the communicative modes of fear, prohibition, and threat according to the principle “by contradiction”. The materials for interpretation are presented in the professional press by a wide range of communication techniques, including in the field of proxemics. The alternative judgment gives grounds for conclusions explaining the potential of negative effects on the human psyche by means of architectural imagery.

Results. They are represented by a wide range of evolutionary transformations in the field of communications, from warning signs to danger signals and prohibited actions, to enhance the psychological impact of which architectural forms and figurative symbols are used, characterizing the overall socio-cultural state of society and its prospects.

Conclusions. The architectural symbolism of threat and warning in the process of civilization development inevitably leads to the demonstration of inhumane tendencies in society, which become indicators of upcoming international conflicts.

Introduction. The significance of the study is determined by the exceptional importance of wooden architecture for Russian culture as one of its most outstanding and authentic phenomena. The studied territory is distinguished by high construction activity and flourishing development of architecture. The wooden churches of the lower Onega feature a very strong and outstanding architectural tradition, that has not been studied sufficiently. The research subject is the construction history of the objects of wooden architecture, their construction periodization, typology, and evolution of architectural forms. The scientific hypothesis of the study runs that the typological diversity of wooden churches of the lower Onega is explained by the important role of this territory in the process of the Russian North exploration, it being a point of contact of the mainland and marine areas and hence different regional traditions.

Materials and methods. The research materials included the results of field observations of architectural objects in conjunction with the study of archival bibliographical historical sources. The applied comprehensive methodological approach combined practical scientific and restoration study methods and scientific methods of historical and architectural, comparative-typological and evolution analysis.

Results. A collection of historical sources for each object under study was identified, field observations were conducted, and construction history and original architectural appearances were revealed; a series of new objects, completely unexplored before, were introduced into scientific discourse. The typology of the studied objects was determined, their typological characteristics analyzed and typological graphical sets, reflecting the evolution processes of the architectural forms, were compiled. The comparison of the studied traditions with the development of architecture in other Russian North territories allowed for the identification of the techniques and the forms that distinguish this territory. For the first time, a detailed picture of typological diversity of the architecture of the lower Onega churches in connection with the traditions of church construction in the Russian North as a whole, was obtained.

Conclusions. The study of wooden churches of the lower Onega provides fundamental scientific knowledge of the development of Russian architecture, its history, typology, and evolution. The research made it possible to outline and detail the best achievements of the Russian construction culture and introduce them more meaningfully into the broader context of the world’s culture. The results of the study will be used for drafting scientific and project documentation and conducting works for preservation of cultural heritage objects of the lower Onega.

Introduction. To determine the category of technical condition of building structures and the building as a whole, building codes require the assessment of the actual load-bearing capacity and serviceability of structures based on verification calculations, which must take into account the damage and defects of structures identified during the inspection of the technical condition of the object: changes in the geometric dimensions of the cross-section of structures, actual strength characteristics of reinforced concrete structure materials and their reinforcement, acting loads, as well as refined calculation schemes created taking into account the identified damage and defects of structures. Defects and damage to load-bearing structures are modelled in the information calculation model of the object created at the design stage of the object.

Materials and methods. The paper provides examples of modelling in the LIRA software of defects associated with violations of the technology of construction of objects, the sequence of construction of a flat calculation model as a fragment of the information calculation model of the object, created for the initial assessment of the influence of defects and damages on the stress-strain state of the surveyed structure.

Results. The literature review presented in the paper showed the existence of private methods of computer modelling of defects and damages of reinforced concrete structures, but at the same time revealed the incompleteness of regulatory recommendations for computer modelling of defects and damages. The paper emphasizes that for the assessment of the detected defects and damages, as well as for classifying structures with defects and damages into categories of technical condition, especially into the category of emergency condition, an important point is the availability of a classification of these defects and damages.

Conclusions. It was concluded that although such a classification exists in the latest updated version of GOST 31937–2024, it also requires significant additions and clarifications. The examples show that at the initial stage of verification calculations it is sufficient to use small flat models, the calculation results of which should be taken into account when correcting the information calculation model of the surveyed object. This will significantly simplify the approach to modelling structures with defects and damages while maintaining sufficient accuracy of the results of assessing the technical condition of structures.

Introduction. In current practice, the operation of friction bolted joints of steel elements is evaluated based on the coefficient of friction and the bolt tension force. The coefficient of friction depends on the condition of the contact surfaces. Various constructive methods are used to increase it. The most effective way to prepare the contact surfaces of friction joints or bolt joints with controlled tension is sandblasting, which creates the highest coefficient of friction. Most of the existing design standards specify that the treatment of contact surfaces is specified in the design documentation. Additionally, it is specified that the roughness of the contact surface after processing should be no more than Rz 40. Measuring the roughness of the treated surface on the installation site is quite a difficult task, therefore it is necessary to understand exactly how different modes of sandblasting or deviations from the prescribed regime affect the surface roughness, which can lead to lower values of the coefficient of friction.

Materials and methods. In this paper, the properties of 5 different modes of sandblasting contact surfaces with quartz sand on the roughness of 15 steel plates made of low-alloy steel 09G2C, made on a profilometer M. ERA Platinum D1, were studied.

Results. A total of 20 tests were carried out to determine the roughness with the construction of surface profiles and the determination of the average values of Ra and Rz. It was shown that the proposed processing modes create different roughness on the surface of steel plates. One of the modes creates the highest average roughness value.

Conclusions. Conclusions are drawn about the correlation between the processing mode and the surface roughness. The results obtained were compared with other traditional constructive methods of processing contact surfaces.

Introduction. The construction industry is considered as one of the major causes of environmental degradation due to the use of traditional building materials such as cement. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop sustainable alternatives to produce eco-friendly concrete using natural unprocessed materials. While acknowledging the importance of cement in the urbanization of mankind, it should be noted that its widespread use undoubtedly contributes to global warming which threatens the environment worldwide due to carbon dioxide emissions when fossil fuels are used to melt the products used in its manufacture, which are a mixture of clay, water and lime to produce the main binding material i.e. clinker.

Materials and methods. The aim of the study is to investigate the possibility of replacing Portland cement with natural pozzolana according to replacement ratios ranging from 10 to 50 %, and to study the effect of this replacement on physical properties, the most important of which are thermal conductivity and mechanical properties represented by the resistance to simple pressure, taking into account the following factors: the use of recycled gravel as an alternative to natural gravel.

Results. The results showed that increasing the percentage of cement replacement with pozzolana increases the thermal resistance of concrete, since replacing cement with an equal mass of pozzolana results in a 5 % reduction in thermal conductivity. In addition, recycled aggregates have higher thermal resistance compared to natural aggregates even when 50 % of cement is replaced by ground pozzolan. An increase in resistance of more than 24 % is observed, and a decrease in the simple pressure resistance of the resulting concrete is acceptable if the replacement with pozzolana is less than 50 %.

Conclusions. The simple compressive strength values of cubic specimens exceed the minimum limits of international specifications for cement blocks, which allows the manufacture of cement blocks using secondary aggregates with the possibility of replacing cement with ground pozzolana according to different replacement ratios up to 50 %.

Introduction. The most important indicators of fine-grained concrete based on gypsum cement pozzolanic binder, allowing to expand the possibilities of its application in load-bearing building structures, are strength and hydrophysical properties. This is especially relevant for structures that are used in the hot tropical climate of the Republic of Yemen and will be in a complex stress-strain state. On the other hand, the low ability of gypsum cement pozzolanic concrete to withstand the effects of moisture penetrating into the “body” of concrete together with aggressive substances from the environment will obviously lead to the loss of its original properties.

Materials and methods. To prepare the gypsum cement pozzolanic binder, we used gypsum binder grade G-5 and cement binder grade CEM I 42.5N, as well as two types of pozzolanic additives: natural zeolite and microsilica. Basalt fibre was used as a fibrous material. Superplating agent grade Master Glenium 112 and crystallization water repellent grade Flocrete WP Crystal were used as chemical modifiers. To prepare the gypsum cement pozzolanic concrete, unfractionated natural quartz sand and two types of sand dispersed by fractions were used as fine aggregate. The water permeability of gypsum cement pozzolanic concrete was studied using the method of water penetration depth under pressure. The mobility was determined by the diameter of the gypsum-cement-pozzolanic mixture flow — according to GOST 23789–2018 using the Suttard device; compressive strength was assessed after 28 days of hardening in accordance with GOST 10180–2012; water absorption — according to the method of GOST 23789–2018; water resistance was assessed by the softening coefficient.

Results. As a result of the experiments, an optimal composition of gypsum-cement-pozzolanic concrete with high strength and hydrophysical properties was obtained due to the optimal granulometric composition of fine aggregate, reinforcement with fibre and the use of various complex chemical additives.

Conclusions. The study yielded the following results: compressive strength 60 MPa, water absorption 2.8 %, softening coefficient 1.17, water resistance W10.

Introduction. In order to conduct a qualitative and quantitative analysis of wave processes, as well as to verify the effectiveness of the modern complex, a number of field tests were conducted. These experimental studies were carried out both in controlled laboratory conditions and directly within the production facilities of the real sector of the economy.

Materials and methods. Laboratory tests were carried out on the basis of the Kurgan Centre for Testing, Certification and Standardization of Pipeline Fittings (ANO “KCISS”), an autonomous non-commercial organization in Kurgan, Kurgan region, established to provide services in the field of conformity assessment and quality assurance of equipment, products and technologies, including for nuclear energy facilities, petrochemical, oil and gas production, processing plants and other hazardous industrial facilities and productions, as well as general industrial facilities and productions, including the implementation of measures to improve data security objects. In accordance with clause 7 of the Decision of “Rosenergoatom Concern” dated 26.06.2019 No. R 1.2.2.06.001.0435–2019 “The modernization of the second and third channels of the industrial water system of responsible consumers of Group A of Power unit No. 4 of Kalinin NPP” and clause 6.10 of the terms of license No. GN-03-101-4122 from 10/20/2021. Pressure pulsation values were measured using the developed wave process monitoring system in the process water pipeline systems of responsible consumers of Group “A” 4VF of power unit No. 4 of Kalinin NPP during the transition period of operation associated with the automatic step-by-step start-up of NPP safety equipment.

Results. The results show that, according to the experiments conducted using the developed monitoring system for wave processes, pressure changes in the pipeline system have a high-frequency character, which corresponds to the nature of wave processes.

Conclusions. Experiments under conditions of various non-stationary modes in the diagnosed pipelines have clearly demonstrated the operability of the proposed monitoring system for wave processes in the pipeline system.

Introduction. Modern BIM models include a vast amount of data, covering not only geometric characteristics, but also full attribute information. These aspects are often inaccessible to many participants in the process, and the uncertainty in their understanding makes the data collected in TIM models ineffective. In such cases, visualization of TIM model data becomes a key stimulus for more informed modelling, contributing to better decision making and improved operational processes in construction projects.

Materials and methods. The research material is prepared digital information models of the building, a database with information about the buildings and links to photographic recordings of the university campus premises. To determine the possibility of implementing various scenarios for using a digital asset, a mathematical analysis method is used. This method allows you to calculate the information richness of data, which is necessary to make a decision about the possibility of implementing a particular scenario. The controlled parameters presented in the mathematical model may have varying degrees of importance when forming the final assessment. To determine the influence of auxiliary parameters on the final assessment, the method of expert assessments is used. The method consists of assigning points to each parameter by each expert on a scale from 1 to 10 depending on its importance.

Results. A methodology of auditing the filling of the model with attribute information for current scenarios for using DIM at the operational stage is developed. A comparative analysis of data verification using the proposed mathematical model and BI tools was performed. The result of the analysis showed the advantages of visual inspection in the possibility of a comprehensive analysis of a digital asset, including data of various types.

Conclusions. The methodology for checking an information model in order to implement use scenarios allows you to assess whether it is possible to implement a use scenario for a specific model. When it is necessary to expand the set of information about a project, gain the ability to analyze and solve problems in the construction industry, Power BI reports are used. The tandem of BIM modelling and BI systems increases efficiency in reducing costs and meeting deadlines, and also opens up the possibility of introducing machine learning.

Introduction. The relevance of this topic lies in the field of analysis and clarification of the terminological apparatus of scientific research. It is obvious that the knowledge of complex technical systems implies their semantic understanding and, consequently, the correct use of terminology, especially borrowed from other subject areas. The concept of the life cycle is the main variant of the implementation of a systematic approach to complex technical objects. It is aimed at displaying changes in the state of these objects during their existence. It is associated with the integration of the processes of design, production and operation of complex technical systems within a single meta-model and involves the identification of a number of stages of the life cycle and the study of the relationships between them. The concept of the “building life cycle”, included in the terminological toolkit of the complex of architectural and construction sciences at the beginning of the XXI century, has been officially consolidated both in the scientific dictionary and at the legal level. The borrowing of this concept from other fields of knowledge determines the importance of its methodological analysis.

Materials and methods. The logical and methodological analysis of the concept of “building life cycle” includes the study of the content of a number of categories (cyclical nature, life cycle), which are basic for its consolidation in the scientific terminology of the complex of architectural and construction knowledge. The mechanism and logic of borrowing this concept from the subject areas of other sciences, the validity of its application in the field of construction are analyzed.

Results. During the study of the features of the conceptualization of the concept of “building life cycle”, a number of fundamental differences between this phenomenon and other types of life cycles were revealed. The necessity of taking into account the specifics of construction projects that differ from other complex technical systems was shown, and the instrumental significance of the concept of “building life cycle” as a theoretical construct was substantiated.

Conclusions. The content of the term “building life cycle” is based on the integrative concept of the life cycle. Its inclusion in the system of concepts of the complex of architectural and construction sciences is justified by the need for a systematic approach to the organization of real estate construction, taking into account the use of BIM-technology.

Introduction. The modern state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of urban renewal is focused on improving the quality, comfort and safety of the urban environment. The use of the capabilities of Russian megacities for urban renewal in these conditions is determined by factors influencing the renewal of urban spaces, the importance of which is confirmed by official documents. The research focuses on identifying trends in the renewal of urban spaces in Russia’s megacities. In the course of the study, the factors influencing the renewal of urban spaces in Russian megacities were identified, the trends of their renewal were formed, and the interrelationships of urban environment quality indices with influencing factors were established.

Materials and methods. The tasks were solved using various research methods. The use of the method of analyzing open information sources that are significant for the renewal of urban spaces made it possible to identify the most significant government documents and information resources for the study. Based on the analysis of statistical information, the factors influencing the renewal of urban spaces in Russia’s megacities have been identified. The ordering of megacities according to various criteria was carried out using the method of systematization. In order to establish the relationship of the indices of the quality of the urban environment of Russian megacities with the factors influencing the renewal of urban spaces, the method of correlation analysis was used. The synthesis method made it possible to combine information about the factors influencing the renovation of parking spaces in Russian megacities into a whole.

Results. Based on the conducted analysis of factors influencing the renewal of urban spaces, trends in the renewal of urban spaces in Russian megacities were determined. Ranking of factors influencing the renewal of urban spaces in Russian megacities by the degree of their impact on the renewal of urban spaces allowed us to identify the most significant factors of influence.

Conclusions. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that in modern conditions, the pronounced trends in the renewal of urban spaces include the trend of renewing residential spaces, the trend of renewing the street and road network. The most promising trend is the trend of renewing parking spaces, taking into account the environmental safety of the urban environment by creating “green parking”.