Introduction. Little attention is paid to the methodology of tower structures in the scientific community. This is partly due to the historical context and the archaeological search for such structures. In existing studies, it is possible to get a descriptive idea of the tower structures of Chechnya, but it is difficult to extract comprehensive technical information necessary for the preservation and restoration of such cultural heritage sites.

Materials and methods. This study covers the regulatory framework, the Unified Register of Cultural Heritage sites of the relevant department and scientific work in the field of tower conservation, revealing aspects and approaches of architectural characteristics of tower structures in the technical direction. The methods of comparative analysis, synthesis, generalization, and formalization are used.

Results. Based on the results of a comprehensive analysis of restoration tasks, methods, technologies, and types of restoration work that can be applied to tower structures in Chechnya, a methodology for preserving cultural heritage sites has been developed, its degree of promise has been identified, and methodological approaches that stand out as promising in restoring tower structures depending on the restoration task have been systematized. Promising methodological approaches to the preservation and restoration of Chechen tower structures have been identified, taking into account their current technical condition.

Conclusions. Methodological approaches, depending on the restoration tasks and the technical condition of the facilities, can be used in the preservation and restoration of tower architecture not only in Chechnya, but also in other regions of the country. The promising methodological approaches take into account the critical technical condition of many registered facilities in the region. The practical value of the assessment of the prospects of methodological approaches is the high degree of adaptability of architects when carrying out restoration work on the territory of tower structures. The proposed methodology and the assessment of its prospects will allow the scientific community to expand the types of restoration work corresponding to the methods of conservation and restoration of tower architecture, which, according to the results of the study, needs special attention as a result of assessing its condition as critical.

Introduction. Currently, an urgent problem is the development of self-supporting lightweight structures that provide reliable and universal protection in any extreme natural phenomena. Objects of this class include double-contour geodesic dome systems, the design of which fully meets modern trends in geoclimatic or climate-resistant architecture. The supporting frame of a double-contour geodesic dome is formed by a system of repeating rod fragments connected using special collapsible nodal connections. There is no information in the literature on finite element modelling of the dynamic response of a double-contour geodesic dome to a seismic impact, taking into account the accuracy of the nodal joints of the supporting frame rods.

Materials and methods. Macros written in the APDL language embedded in the ANSYS Mechanical software package  were used for numerical analysis of the transient process. Accounting for the linear and angular ductility of the nodal joints of the dome frame rods is implemented using combined finite elements COMBIN14. The process of building a finite element ensemble consisting of beams and combined elements is automated.

Results. As a result of the modal analysis, it was found that the type of geometry of the core frame of the geodesic dome in combination with the parameters of the ductility of the rotary balls significantly affects its own pairs.Computational experiments have been performed for two variants of geodesic dome frames under seismic impact with an intensity of eight points.

Conclusions. The proposed concept of modelling nodal joints of the dome core frame using combined finite elements allows us to indirectly take into account the effect of damping under dynamic influence. The developed technique of constructing a finite element model of the geodesic dome frame, taking into account hingerod connections, can be used in designing the design of a real art object of this type.

Introduction. The construction of objects of a high class of responsibility, in particular, requires the transfer of high loads to the foundation, which is often achieved through pile foundations buried in rock masses. The calculation of their bearing capacity includes predicting the proportion of the load taken by the side surface of the pile and its base, however, the sum of these values is unacceptable, for this reason it is necessary to accurately predict the proportions of these values. This forecast is complicated by the variety of properties of rocky soils, the scale factor and the complex work of the “pile – rock mass” contact. There are several methods for predicting pile performance, in particular the finite element method. The purpose of this work is to verify the results of physical and numerical modelling implemented in the ZSoil software package (PC),
for the subsequent deeper study of the joint work of the pile and the rock mass.

Materials and methods. Numerical modelling was carried out in the ZSoil 3D software-computing complex, taking into account the actually obtained characteristics of the materials used. To carry out physical modelling, three specimens were prepared, identical to the numerical model, and then tested in a triaxial compression installation.

Results. Qualitative and quantitative results of the simulation were obtained. Qualitative results — the destruction of the entire “pile – rock mass” contact was established both on laboratory specimens and in a numerical model. Quantitatively, the results were compared using graphs of the dependence of the settlement of the pile head on the stresses that arise.

Conclusions. Both according to the results of numerical and physical modelling, the nature and stages of destruction of the system are identical to what was established during the visual inspection of the specimens and the results obtained in the PC. A quantitative assessment of the results was carried out by comparing the obtained graphs of the dependence of the settlement of the pile head on the stresses arising in it. The comparison showed a discrepancy in values at the characteristic point corresponding to the complete destruction of the contact, ~ 15 %, which confirms the applicability of the PC in the subsequent study of the system.

Introduction. Compressed concrete tube elements have already earned a well-deserved place in global construction practice. In Russia, there has also been increased interest in the practical application of concrete tube columns (CTC), particularly in the design of high-rise buildings. These structures possess valuable qualities such as high strength and ductile failure due to large axial deformations in the ultimate limit state. Current design regulations for CTC in Russia, as well as internationally, only contain instructions for calculating their strength using the ultimate limit method, and this calculation does not take into account the deformation properties of the structure. Bearing capacity must be determined not only by considering its strength but also the possible need to limit axial deformation. This paper addresses this issue using centrally compressed elements as an example.

Materials and methods. The strength calculation of short concrete tube columns under central compression using the ultimate limit method is considered. It is known that axial deformations of reinforced concrete columns can reach values that are unacceptable for the serviceability of the supporting framework. The calculation is performed with the option of limiting the ultimate axial deformations to a predetermined value.

Results. A formula was derived for determining the axial deformations of columns in the ultimate limit state, which are assumed to be equal to the deformations of the concrete core under maximum stress. The accuracy of this formula was verified by comparing the calculated deformation values with published experimental data.

Conclusions. The obtained relationships allow us to estimate the deformability of the calculated structure and expand the scope of application of the ultimate stress method to reinforced concrete elements in which the ultimate allowable deformation does not exceed 25 % of the concrete core deformation under maximum stress.

Introduction. The production inaccuracies’ influence of steel bent closed welded square profiles with a size of 200 × 8 mm on the strength of the mounting contact joint of columns in height is considered. It is assumed that the permissible deviations in the size of the rolled steel produced are accepted in the standards, taking into account the provision of a given level of reliability equal to 95.44 %.

Materials and methods. The distribution laws for such random variables as sheet thickness t, profile height h and radius of the outer rounding R are investigated. To account for the production inaccuracies of the elements when determining the bearing capacity of a node under central compression, it is proposed to introduce a reducing coefficient of operating conditions γd, calculated as the ratio of the threshold value of the contact area Aʹcont to the standard cross-sectional area of the column profile An.

Results. Depending on the values of t, h, and R for the lower and upper columns, their cross-sectional areas (A1 and A2) are formed, as well as their contact area Acont, provided that the production inaccuracies are symmetrical and the columns are installed coaxially during installation. The program has been written in Python to generate possible values of the contact area Aʹcont, select an approximating function and calculate the coefficient of operating conditions γd.

Conclusions. As a result of research using the Monte Carlo method, it was found that, taking into account the influence of the production inaccuracies for sheet thickness t, profile height h, and outer rounding radius R, the strength of the column contact joint under central compression can decrease to 84 % of the calculated strength based on the cross-sectional area specified in the grade.

Introduction. The project documentation for the construction of a permanent structure contains a section justifying the building’s energy efficiency. This justification is based on the compliance of its thermal performance parameters with the norms in force in Russia. A key parameter is the thermal of the external building envelope, which serves as a measure of its thermal effectiveness. However, the normative calculation method for this parameter, which relies on a two-dimensional heat transfer analysis, is inadequate for accurately evaluating true thermal performance. Its primary shortcoming is the inability to model all critical heat loss areas — specifically, thermal bridges present in non-uniform envelope assemblies and at structural junctions.

Materials and methods. The paper presents an analysis of the facade system design implemented in a monolithic residential building with balconies, intended for construction in Moscow. The exterior walls are constructed from monolithic reinforced concrete and autoclaved aerated concrete blocks within a ventilated facade system. Thermal performance was assessed via 3D heat transfer modelling using TEPL software.

Results. The analysis of temperature distribution on surfaces has identified specific areas of excessive heat loss within the structures. Corresponding measures for additional insulation have been developed. Calculations performed withthe TEPL software package determined the design thermal resistance of the building envelope assemblies. These results provide a verified assessment of the thermal efficiency for both the original design and the proposed insulated solutions.

Conclusions. The findings advocate for a paradigm shift in practice, proposing that the thermal evaluation of external vertical enclosures should be based on 3D numerical modelling. Such an analysis provides a reliable value for the equivalent thermal resistance and, crucially, maps all thermal bridges, informing necessary design corrections to mitigate them.

Introduction. Compressed Stabilized Earth Bricks (CSEB) represent a sustainable alternative to conventional burnt clay bricks, offering significant environmental benefits such as reduced energy consumption and a lower carbon footprint. CSEB are manufactured by mixing soil, sand, water, and a stabilizer typically ordinary Portland cement, lime, fly ash, bitumen, or a combination thereof followed by mechanical compaction of the mixture in a mold.

Materials and method. This study investigates the mechanical properties (compressive strength and flexural tensile strength) and water absorption behaviour of CSEB stabilized with low dosages of stabilizers: 2 % lime + 3 % cement, 3 % lime + 4 % cement, 4 % lime + 6 % cement, 5 % cement, and 0 % stabilizer (unstabilized). The experimental programme includes evaluation of compressive strength in both dry and wet states, flexural tensile strength, capillary water absorption, and total water absorption.

Results. Results indicate that increasing the stabilizer content significantly enhances both compressive and flexural strength, and the mechanical properties were in the A and B CSEB categories of the standards requirements. However, total water absorption also increased with increasing stabilizer dosage. Despite this, the observed absorption values remained below the maximum limits specified in relevant standards.

Conclusions. Overall, the research findings demonstrate that by using the low dosages of stabilizers, CSEB can have appropriate potential as a sustainable, beneficial, and applicable building material, where the use of locally sourced materials can consequentially reduce construction costs and minimize environmental impact compared to conventional fired clay bricks and concrete blocks.

Introduction. This paper is devoted to the impact of “green” roofs on the environmental safety of cities. Since fine dust particles РМ2.5 and РМ10 seriously affect human health, reducing not only the length of the working age, but also threatening life at all. Therefore, reducing the concentration of these solid particles in the air of urban areas is a serious problem for specialists in the field of technosphere safety. One possible solution to this problem is the widespread use of green roofs to green cities.

Materials and methods. The proposed work studies the ability of green roofs to reduce the density of particulate matter PM of various fractions and associated trace elements by several species of perennial plants during spring, summer and autumn. Detoxification of the air of the surrounding urban environment can occur due to phytoremediation, which allows the use of plants in reducing air pollution. Plants located at the level of the roofs of public buildings can capture heavy metals from the air, especially in residential areas where the roofs of buildings have significant areas. The paper assesses the ability of vegetation cover to capture fine dust particles in the air of urban areas based on the analysis of eight plant species. The experimental study focuses on plants with leaves of diverse morphology, which affects the capture of heavy metals.

Results. The study confirms the importance of choosing plants with special structural features for green urban infrastructure. High levels of heavy metals on green roofs were found in the summer season, which is associated with environmental conditions and the activity of industrial enterprises.

Conclusions. The content of solid particles in plants is also affected by the changing seasons. Rainfall in spring washes particles off the leaves, in summer gardening work captures and increases the level of density of solid dust particles. The study highlights the importance of studying the retention of heavy metals by particles of different sizes in plants.

Introduction. During a series of experiments on compressing the schedule of the calendar-network schedule for a construction project, a hypothesis was put forward and confirmed that the use of Advanced Work Packaging (AWP) construction method allows for a 25 % reduction in planned construction time without changing the duration of the operations performed or allocating additional resources. However, although this approach solves the problem of schedule compression on the one hand, on the other hand, it creates additional problems or tasks related to an increase in information flows and planning volumes. Current achievements in the field of digitalization allow us to put forward a new scientific hypothesis that the problem of high-level detail in planning data can be solved using artificial intelligence technology. The goal of the study is to reduce the time required for construction and installation work through detailed planning and high-quality project implementation according to a scenario referred to as “Scenario – AI”. To this end, it is proposed to move the start of detailed planning to the initial stage, known as “Business Planning and Life Cycle Modeling”. Achieving this goal involves the use of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, which are very relevant in modern construction management.

Materials and methods. The process model Planning & Scheduling was adopted as the initial methodology of calendar-network planning. The study examines different scenarios of planning and implementation of a construction project: one uses data with a level of detail increasing as it is received, and the other scenario uses the Batch-node construction method.

Results. The conducted research and experiments confirmed the relevance of integrating machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) into the construction industry. This area is of significant scientific and practical interest, opening up new horizons for improving the productivity, safety and quality of construction projects. The authors analyzed neural network technologies for solving time management problems and other calendar and network planning problems. The final solution to the research problem was the initiation of the project “Development and implementation of the AI Planner and AI Assistant Project Manager system”.

Conclusions. The study concluded that the integration of ML and AI into the construction industry is an important step towards sustainable development of the industry, which is confirmed by the results of the study and requires further study to confirm and develop hypotheses.

Introduction. The relevance of studying megacities as centres of scientific and technological activity and innovative economic space in China. The need to study the principles of implementing public policy in the economic and social world, analyze the management of economic trends, and evaluate public administration methods in the third innovative development period is determined. The aim of the study is to identify the parameters and main development directions of Chinese megacities as promising centres.

Materials and methods. Methods of ascending from the abstract to the concrete, comparative, historical and structural-functional analysis of data were applied. The use of these methods allows us to investigate the mechanisms of development and implementation of public policy, the principles of managing complex economic systems and forms of strategic management of innovative development. The study is based on an analysis of Chinese sources and works by Chinese authors.

Results. Determining the direction of development of megacities as centres of innovative and technological development in China, including: a systemic analysis of public policy supporting innovation in the region and its outskirts; identifying the consequences and methods of managing economic cycles in megacities; and assessing the effectiveness of various innovative development strategies and models of interaction between government, science, and business.

Conclusions. Developing Innovation and New Technologies in the Chinese Carbon Model: Implementing a unique innovation support policy through a set of measures and principles for regulating economic systems, including the creation of national research centres, a special economic zone, and a multi-tiered incentive system. The Chinese experience offers
an alternative perspective for exploring management methods in the context of transforming cities into global innovation hubs.

Introduction. The authors developed and pilot-tested an approach to the lifecycle prognostication for load-bearing steel structures of industrial facilities using a cost-based risk assessment paradigm. The authors’ approach is based on principles of discounted cash flows and itemized decomposition of each stage of a lifecycle, from pre-project studies to disposal, with a focus on the reconstruction phase of steel structures as a key cost generator.

Materials and methods. The core element of this research work is to integrate probabilistic risks of accidents (mechanical risks, corrosion, fatigue, etc.) into a classical model of cost assessment using event tree analysis.

Results. A risk-based approach was developed to assess lifecycles of industrial facilities. A roof truss with a 24-meter span served as an example for a detailed calculation made to illustrate the cost and risk pattern over a 40-year planning time-frame. The results, presented in tabular form, demonstrate that the risk share can reach 20–25 % of the total cost for solutions with minimal upfront investments. A comparative analysis of alternatives with basic and enhanced protection confirms the economic feasibility of preventive investments which reduce the total cost of the lifecycle by 35–45 % due to a severe reduction in operating costs and the probability of disastrous failures. Sensitivity was analyzed to identify dependence of the final cost on the discount rate, the cost of production downtime, and reliability of initial probabilistic data.

Conclusions. The proposed approach can be contributed to feasibility studies of projects to choose structural solutions for industrial buildings constructed as part of industrial facilities.