Introduction. Within the framework of this study, an important and interesting period of the development of higher school architecture in our country is considered, characterized by an integrated approach and the mass introduction of advanced solutions for that time. The topic is particularly relevant nowadays, when the strategy for the future development of university campuses of our country is being determined, the necessity of which is noted in the national project “Science and Universities”, the federal project “Development of infrastructure for scientific research and personnel training” and other documents of the federal and regional levels. Most of the general plans of existing Russian universities were approved during the Soviet period. At the present stage of the development of educational infrastructure in Russia, an important task is to determine the possibilities for further expansion and improvement of higher educational institutions in terms of their architectural and planning features and the potential laid in the master plans of higher educational institutions by architects of the past.

Materials and methods. In order to study the design features, characteristic solutions and trends in the architecture of complexes of higher educational institutions of the period under review, the normative documents in force at that time, regulating the design of higher educational institutions, scientific research and manuals for practitioners, project documentation were studied. The emphasis is made on the analysis of general plans and urban planning placement of higher educational institutions in the structure of settlements.

Results. A number of characteristic tendencies and solutions used by architects and urban planners are noted. The general methods of forming university complexes in the USSR in the period 1970–1980 are considered. Individual characteristic examples are analyzed and schemes with colour indication of implemented objects of the general plan are given to illustrate the development of universities. Despite the continuing increase in the number of students and the construction of buildings and complexes of higher education that is gaining momentum in the construction, the potential laid down in the general plans of many universities of the period under consideration is still not exhausted. It is possible to note the comprehensive approach of architects of the period to the development of master plans of universities. In accordance with the principles of planning, zoning and spatial connectivity laid down in the Soviet period, university complexes are successfully functioning at the present time.

Conclusions. The general plans of universities developed during the Soviet period are characterized by a well-thought-out planning structure that takes into account most of the needs of the average student of that time. Due to the general principles of zoning with the possibility of linear or centric development of each zone, such layouts are focused on dynamic development in space over time with the possibility of adapting to modern requirements of functional filling of individual zones.

Introduction. The article deals with one of the objects of cultural heritage, forming the architectural appearance of a fragment of the historical centre of Tyumen. Kolmakov’s house is one of the best examples of a special type of public urban development, the so-called “trading house”, the appearance of which is the result of the economic development of the city in the late XIX – early XX centuries. A comprehensive analysis is presented, including historical, archival and field studies of the former trade house of A.S. Kolmakov, which is a part of a vast estate complex. The main purpose of this study is to provide information on the specifics of a special type of public building of a “trading house”, namely, about the space-planning, design, architectural and artistic features of the object. The considered example of of work organization with subsequent implementation answers the actual issues of preserving the uniqueness of historical and architectural environment in cities, use and inclusion of cultural heritage objects in the modern life of the city. The study and popularization of significant objects that form the architectural image of the city is an important and necessary process both for the creation of a diverse high-quality urban environment and education in the field of national history and culture.

Materials and methods. The study of the object of cultural heritage is based on the complex approach, including the analysis and use of pre-revolutionary and modern archival, bibliographic sources; collection and processing of documents, graphic and photographic materials; results of field survey (photo-fixation, measurements); systematization of research results.

Results. The results of the building survey are given, town-planning, architectural-artistic, constructive and engineering features of the object are considered.

Conclusions. On the basis of the presented material, the team under the direction of A.I. Klimenko developed the projects of restoration and adaptation of the cultural heritage object to include the object in the modern life of the city.

Introduction. The objectives of this work are to study the influence of degradation of the frequency parameters of reinforced concrete buildings under the action of seismic loading and to evaluate the nature of destruction depending on the number of storeys of the building itself, using numerical experiments in the LS-DYNA software package. To obtain natural frequencies and forms at certain times in a problem solved by an explicit integration scheme, solutions are sought using an implicit scheme.

Materials and methods. Five structures of different storeys are considered. The design schemes of the buildings use direct reinforcement of load-bearing elements. The Continuous Surface Cap Model (CSCM) is used to model the concrete. This material allows the accumulation of damage to be taken into account. The ideal elastic-plastic Prandtl model is used to model reinforcement. The reinforcement was modelled with rods and was directly immersed in concrete. To implement this, the Euler-Lagrange equation was used. The calculation was carried out on a rigid base, taking into account physical, geometric and structural non-linearities. The seismic impact was specified in the form of 2-component accelerograms normalized to 8 points on the MSK-64 scale.

Results. Various results of the study were obtained. Curves of change and degradation of natural frequencies for frames of different number of storeys are obtained. Damage accumulation curves for the entire framework were also obtained.

Conclusions. The analysis of the obtained results shows that during an earthquake with an intensity of 8 points, there is a significant (up to 30 %) reduction of frequencies of natural oscillations of the considered frames. The greatest amount of damage occurs at the stage of active phase of seismic impact. With the increase in the number of storeys, the intensity of degradation of natural frequencies increases, the rate of accumulation and the amount of damage increase.

Introduction. In recent years, the development of programming affects more and more spheres, including the architectural and construction field. New tools appear in the design activity allowing to describe numerically the parameters of building structures, with the help of whicиh it is easy to change their shape and configuration. This direction allows to get away from more labour-intensive and time-consuming processes of manual editing of graphic materials. This approach to architectural design is called parametric modelling. Without it, it is difficult to imagine the creation of complex geometric shapes of buildings, both multi-storey and large-span, to which cable-stayed coverings can be referred. The interest in such structures, due to their impressive shaping, has turned their design into a complex engineering and technical task and actual work.

Materials and methods. The process of optimization of the collection of loads on curvilinear forms was more clearly demonstrated on the example of determination and application of snow and wind loads on the cable-stayed covering of double curvature of the velodrome building, as, according to normative documents, the geometry of the building depends on
the transition coefficient from the weight of the snow cover of the ground to the snow load on the covering and the aerodynamic coefficient, which, as a rule, are determined by the results of blowing, but in order to reduce the labour intensity of the study, the distribution zones of these coefficients were interpolated according to the forms already available in normative documents.

Results. A collection of loads on the computational finite element scheme of the velodrome building with a double curvature covering by an orthogonal cable-stayed network, including 4 types of snow load and 2 types of wind load, was performed.

Conclusions. The use of Grasshopper made it possible to get away from simplification and interpolation of both the magnitude of pressure from snow and wind in several directions and the values of load areas at each point of the cable-stayed network. This more accurate approach together with the results of aerodynamic tests and automated data transfer to the calculation systems will allow to determine more accurately the SSS of complex coverings, to avoid recalculation and reassignment of complex non-uniformly distributed linear and nonlinear loads in the calculation schemes when changing the initial data with saving labour and time costs for the control of these processes.

Introduction. At the present time, the requirements to reliability and durability of steel structures, as well as their economic feasibility, are increasing. Considering the complexity of analyzing multiple factors influencing the strength, stability and durability of steel welded beams, a new approach to the determination of optimal dimensions based on maximum-strain-energy theory is proposed, with the derivation of new coefficients to simplify the selection of beam cross-sections.

Materials and methods. The research involved an analysis using maximum-strain-energy theory, with the application of which the potential energy of elastic deformation of steel welded beams was calculated. To determine the optimal dimensions of beams, the first derivative of the potential energy of elastic deformation over the height of the beam was calculated to establish the optimal dimensions of the beams, and the obtained result made it possible to compute the ratio of the height and thickness of the beam web to the width and thickness of the beam girdle. This ratio is denoted by the coefficient kopt, by means of which a methodology for selecting the optimal beam cross-section is proposed.

Results. Formulas were derived which allow to select the optimal beam section quickly and with the least weight using the coefficient kopt and web flexibility. Iterative calculations were used to determine the optimal values of the coefficient kopt and flexibility under different loads and beam spans. As a result of the research, formulas for determining kopt were derived, depending on the distributed load q, along with graphs and tables for determining the optimal web flexibility and the kopt coefficient for the given parameters.

Conclusions. Based on the conducted analysis, a method of selecting the optimal dimensions of steel welded beams was formulated, based on maximum-strain-energy theory and the introduction of the kopt coefficient. The developed formulas and iterative calculations, the results of which are presented in tables, make it possible to provide a quick and metal-intensive selection of the optimal cross-section of welded beams under different loads and spans, significantly simplifying the design process and increases the efficiency of the use of materials and structures.

Introduction. Large-span and flexible structures are very sensitive to the effects of wind. Such structures are subject to the occurrence of aeroelastic phenomena. In history there are known cases when as a result of wind impact, there was a collapse of the structure. In this regard, the development of methods for estimation of aeroelastic instability is an urgent task.

Materials and methods. Dynamic and stiffness characteristics of the object, used in engineering assessment of the possibility of aeroelastic phenomena, were determined using the ANSYS Mechanical software package. Modelling of the flow around the object under study was carried out using the ANSYS Fluent software package. To confirm the obtained estimates of the impossibility of the occurrence of aeroelastic instability according to the normative method, direct numerical simulation of the two-sided interaction between the spire and the air flow was carried out in the ANSYS software (two-way FSI, implemented by a combination of Fluent and Mechanical modules).

Results. Using the developed computational dynamic finite element models, natural frequencies and vibration modes are determined. An assessment of the possibility of galloping occurrence was carried out according to the normative method for the studied spire at velocity observed at the construction site. Direct numerical modelling of the coupled problem of two-sided interaction between the spire and the air flow was carried out in the ANSYS software package at the maximum possible wind speed for the construction site for the most dangerous wind direction (obtained from the results of engineering assessment).

Conclusions. The assessment of the possibility of aeroelastic instability according to the normative methodology and verification two-sided coupled calculation of aeroelastic oscillations of the spire confirmed the absence of aeroelastic instability phenomena at the maximum possible wind speed for the construction site.

Introduction. For the solution of engineering problems, the question of the actual operation of the building frame as a whole, taking into account the peculiarities of the operation of the joints connecting the load-bearing elements, is of interest. It is proposed to investigate the influence of initial gaps in flange “beam – column” type connections on strength and deformation characteristics of the joint solution. Special attention is paid to the operation of high-strength bolts with pretensioning in the “tension-bending” mode of operation. In this article, the configuration of the experimental model is proposed, the method of fixing the value of stresses in bolts at three points is chosen, which makes it possible to take into account stresses not only along the axis, but also in the plane of the cross-section of the bolt.

Materials and methods. A literature review of the subject of the influence of initial imperfections in flange joints is carried out, the question of disadvantages of existing approaches to the analytical calculation of assemblies on the basis of Russian and foreign normative documents is considered. Experimental installation and prototypes are described, recommendations for experimental studies of a frame fragment with two types of joints are given. The installation and prototypes are developed on the basis of the results of numerical calculation of finite element models.

Results. A test of a stud with the declared strength class 8.8 to determine its actual mechanical characteristics, a tensile test of a stud with slots to assess the reliability of strain gauge data and adjust the design of experimental specimens taking into account the test results, testing of joint solutions of two types of configurations, processing and analyzing the test results were carried out.

Conclusions. The methodology of experiment execution on the research subject is substantiated, the character of the influence of the formed gap on the stresses in the elements of the joint is determined.

Introduction. In industrial plants with overhead cranes of heavy and very heavy modes of operation, crane beams are operated with damage, a significant part of which are fatigue cracks in the wall. At the same time, in many cases, damaged crane beams have reserves of bearing capacity, which, at the initial stage of crack development, allow their temporary operation until repair or replacement. Assessment of the effect of fatigue cracks on the strength of crane beams under these conditions becomes actual.

Materials and methods. To study the stress-strain and limit states of crane beams with fatigue cracks in the wall, the method of numerical modelling using the finite element software complex ANSYS is used. The analysis of the stress-strain states of the beams was carried out in the sections corresponding to the crack centre and in the adjacent to the damaged compartments.

Results. Qualitative and quantitative dependences of changes in the stress-strain and limit states of crane beams on the crack length, its position in the compartment under separate action of bending moment and transverse force, as well as their joint action are revealed. It is shown that the weakening of the wall by a fatigue crack leads to significant overload of the compressed girdle. Recommendations on inhibition of crack development, allowing to increase serviceability of the structure.

Conclusions. Recommendations on practical calculation of crane beams for strength with the introduction of crack influence coefficients and an algorithm for determining the maximum crack length are proposed. The importance of further investigation of the effect of defects of rail to girdle fastening on the bearing capacity of the damaged beam is noted. At the same time, statistical processing of deviation values of geometric imperfections acquired in the course of operation is necessary.

Introduction. The subject of the research is the improvement of physical and mechanical characteristics of binder based on natural anhydrite from the Ergachevskoye deposit. The application of natural anhydrite will provide the production of construction materials on the basis of nonfired, low-energy-cost binders. Complex activation of hardening is offered for improvement of physical and mechanical characteristics. The compositions from quantity and content of chemical activator are optimized. The use of metallurgical dust as an additional component of the complex additive, providing improvement of hydrophysical properties is proposed.

Materials and methods. For the production of binder natural anhydrite stone was crushed in a jaw crusher and ground in a laboratory disc mill. Determination of strength parameters and establishment of the optimum activator were carried out using a hydraulic laboratory press. The chemical composition of metallurgical dust was analyzed using X-ray fluorescent spectrometer with wave dispersion. The nature of structure formation and the presence of neoplasms were determined using scanning electron microscopes and a differential-scanning calorimeter.

Results. A comparative analysis of the influence of hardening activators on the strength characteristics of natural anhydrite-based binder was carried out. Activation by iron sulfate (melanterite) and sodium hydrosulfite; sodium and potassium hydroxide; air-setting lime and cement was analyzed. However, the complex effect of modifiers is achieved only with the combination of chemical and mineral hardening activators and provides not only an increase in strength characteristics, but also water resistance.

Conclusions. Complex activation of natural anhydrite hardening provides the formation of a matrix with increased density. The matrix is composed of gypsum crystalline hydrates of optimal morphology, additionally bonded by amorphous new formations based on hydrosilicates, hydrosulfoaluminosilicates or calcium hydroferrites. Such a structure provides physical and mechanical characteristics at a level sufficient for the production of wall building blocks.

Introduction. In premises with artificial ice, which include indoor ice rinks and ice arenas, in order to prevent ice softening, fog formation and condensate precipitation, the convective component of heat exchange should be spent on cooling the air of the ice field area to standardized values. Thus, the accuracy of the calculation of microclimatic parameters depends not only on the comfort of people on the field, but also on the qualitative characteristics of the ice. The presented article is devoted to the development of a methodology and a programme for calculating these parameters when designing ventilation and air conditioning systems.

Materials and methods. To improve the calculation accuracy, a new method of analytical determination of air condition parameters in the ice field area of indoor ice rinks and ice arenas is proposed. This method differs from the existing ones by application of iterative calculation method when choosing the optimal ratio of air flow rates at the first and second stages of recirculation, which makes it possible to exclude additional cooling of the inflow during the cold season.

Results. The developed method is implemented in the algorithm of the programme for calculation of the required parameters and takes into account the modern data of numerical modelling of temperature fields in the served area, the corrected range of the temperature gradient value by the height of the room under consideration and the mass transfer coefficient determined using the theory of triple analogy of heat and mass transfer processes.

Conclusions. The proposed methodology and calculation programme make it possible to increase the accuracy of determining temperature, moisture content, partial pressure and enthalpy determination when designing ventilation and air conditioning systems for rooms with artificial ice, which contributed to the reduction of excessive energy costs when processing air in the central air conditioner.

Introduction. The application of information modelling (BIM) and augmented reality (AR) technologies at the stage of construction and subsequent operation of capital construction facilities (CCF) is analyzed.

Materials and methods. Potential possibilities of optimization of work of installation and construction teams or carrying out of project expertise using information modelling (BIM) technologies are shown. Due to the application of this technology: the terms of installation works at the construction site are reduced (as a result, costs are reduced and labour efficiency is increased); the terms of the project expertise are reduced (at the stage of construction object commissioning). The main idea is to combine BIM technology at the construction stage and augmented reality technology. Combination of these technologies will make it easier to identify deviations from the project and reduce the labour intensity of installation works.

Results. The proposed information tables for visualization of elements of the information model of the construction object and the key principles of their filling with data on the example of a pipeline on the basis of given points of the constructed three-dimensional model are of great importance for the construction practice. Examples of AR application at the operation stage on the example of a water meter and an electric meter are considered.

Conclusions. Types and content of information visualization tables of the main pipeline are formulated and determined on the basis of which the construction of a three-dimensional model of the pipeline at the construction stage of the facility is carried out. An example of the content of the information table of visualization of individual elements of the information model of the construction object at the operational stage is given on the example of a water and electric meter. The directions of further research are given.

Introduction. The relevance of the analysis of transaction costs is associated with a significant share of the transaction sector in the gross domestic product (GDP) of the national economy, a change in which can be associated with both
the efficiency and inefficiency of the built institutional environment. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for influencing the elements of the institutional environment to optimize administrative barriers typical for the investment and construction sector (ICS) of the Russian Federation. The novelty of the author’s approach is formed by considering
the aspect of distribution of transaction costs under the influence of heterogeneous contracts between the participants of the ICS.

Materials and methods. The data of Rosstat on the structure of the gross domestic product of the Russian Federation are used, the results of international studies on quantitative and qualitative assessment of transaction costs in construction are analyzed. The study was based on the tools of institutional theories, as well as general scientific methods.

Results. Distributors of transaction costs in the investment and construction sector of the Russian Federation are revealed: customer predictability, institutional rent of the contractor, institutional rent of the developer, completeness of relational contracts to ensure customer predictability, information on the profitability of bypassing formal rules by subjects of
the investment and construction sector, digitalization.

Conclusions. The description of transaction costs through the aspect of their distribution allows to formalize a model of their quantitative or qualitative measurement, taking into account the impact of the institutional environment in the Russian Federation.

Introduction. The issues of digital technologies (DT) application in state and municipal government are analyzed in the article. The progress made in the field of digital transformation of state and municipal government is considered, the main recommendations for the improvement of this process are formulated.

Materials and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis was provided by the scientific works of Russian and foreign scientists devoted to the study of the use of DT in the state and municipal government. Data of Rosstat, Ministry of Digital Development of Russia, abstract and citation database Scopus, as well as the works of Institute for statistical studies and economics of knowledge of National Research University “Higher School of Economics” were used as the materials of the research.

Results. The conducted analysis of the practice of digital technologies application in state and municipal government proved that such technologies are actively used in Russia. Besides, the cost of interaction of citizens and the state in this format is twice as cheap as in the traditional face-to-face format. During the pandemic, the pace of digitalization of the state sector accelerated significantly. Electronic payment systems, open data and government portals, information management systems and electronic document management can serve as examples of the use of digital technologies in state and municipal government. Digital technologies give the government the opportunity to provide citizens and businesses with various services and online services, to automate and optimize various processes in state and municipal government, to actively provide access to information required by users. All this contributes to increasing the transparency of the activities of the authorities. Digital technologies allow to improve decision-making in state and municipal government through the use of analytical tools and forecasting methods.

Conclusions. Despite the identified shortcomings and problems, it is concluded that, on the whole, the prospects for the development of the use of digital technologies in state and municipal government in Russia is very optimistic and have essential potential.