Introduction. The significance of the M-12 motorway under construction as an international transport route is analyzed. The expediency of the project implementation based on the interests of Russia is noted.

Materials and methods. Structural solutions for the roadway on the M-12 motorway were considered. Materials for each structural and functional layer of the roadway are given. A brief review of the experience of using asphalt concrete designed using the Superpave method abroad and in Russia is provided. The question of inefficient arrangement of expensive by composition and complicated by design technology layers of new asphalt concrete inside rather than in the cover of the pavement structure on the M-12 motorway is raised.

Results. Advantages and disadvantages of the Superpave technology are shown. The peculiarities of bituminous binder selection are analyzed. Organizational, constructive, material and technological measures for the implementation of the design granulometric composition of the mineral part in the technology of asphalt concrete by the Superpave method are presented. The reasoned criticism of application of a new type of bituminous binder and granulometric composition of asphalt concrete according to the Superpave method is given.

Conclusions. The necessity of further study and development of the technology of asphalt concrete by the Superpave method and materials with superabsorbent polymer additives for their effective application is noted. The issues of ensuring workability of materials with polymer additives and regulation of their application by standards are outlined.

Introduction. In modern urban planning of the Russian Federation, planning of development of municipalities in the established settlement systems has not become a priority strategic task. To date, the importance of these components of settlement systems is underestimated in the documentation of territorial planning of the settlement level, the dependence of the dynamics of the observed changes on the functional profile of the territories is not revealed, and the assessment of objects is dominated by the ascertaining rather than predictive approach. However, the planning of the territory of this level is able to reduce the acuteness of contradictions between short-term and long-term prospects of regional development, as well as to ensure the accuracy of linking the formed objects of different sizes with non-typical functional programs.

Materials and methods. The methodological basis was provided by general scientific methods (system approach, system-structural analysis, comparative analysis, theoretical modelling) and special interdisciplinary methods (methods of graph-analytical modelling), scientific literature, data from official sites of statistical bodies and municipalities, open cartographic sources, urban planning documents of territorial planning.

Results. For the first time the systematization of planning situations of settlements, which differ from the known examples by implementation of projects of development of territories of special economic zones of industrial type of federal and regional importance was carried out. The system of assessment of settlement territories based on the principles of structuring and allocation of planning units of municipal settlement systems, i.e. settlements, has been developed and applied. The assessment allows determining qualitative and quantitative characteristics of settlements in the aggregate, which increases the validity of location and subsequent formation of objects.

Conclusions. The increment of scientific results consists in the improvement of the methodology of territorial planning of the municipal level. It is conditioned by the strengthening of the semantic importance of the settlement link in regional settlement systems. In this connection the technologies used for the development of urban planning solutions are being adjusted and the range of tasks solved by them is expanding. They are substantiated by the results of application of the system of settlement structures assessment with allocation of planning elements of the lower level of settlement, which provides comparability and typological ranking of the studied planning situations.

Introduction. The subject of this study is volumetric and spatial elements of a building and their locations. Practical significance of the study is to accelerate decision making in the selection of properties for further practical work of arrangement. The purpose of the study is to find the possibility of comprehensive evaluation of architectural solutions for hypothetical changes, such as functional purpose. Scientific novelty: the possibility of simplifying prospective changes at the design stage is considered.

Materials and methods. The spectrum of changes to buildings over time is described – from operational needs, through renovations to major renovations. The basis of the work is rich in frequent changes material on buildings for research and risky innovation. A range of changes, statistically frequently occurring in civil engineering buildings, is presented. Empirical and theoretical research methods have been used in an integrated way.

Results. A list of the techniques is given which the architect can use to facilitate possible future changes in a building or premises, related to a change of activity, a change of tenant or owner. The characteristics of the parties involved in considering each of the features of the property are described. Two simplified examples are used to assess the architectural solutions affecting the possibility of future changes. An assessment package for determining a building’s readiness for prospective change, using office-type ordinal diagrams, is given.

Conclusions. The appraisal apparatus can be used to compare properties that are to be converted (due to sale or rent). The application of the presented appraisal apparatus will require the creation of a mathematical formula that takes into account the significant database for each of the properties. The result of the appraisal is a summary in numerical form and a diagram reflecting the architectural solution, showing the building’s readiness for future changes.

Introduction. At the present time, round plates of variable thickness are used as load-bearing elements in buildings, which causes the necessity of their diagnostics and quality assessment. Such structures can be used as roofs of vertical cylindrical tanks, round silos and bunkers, hatches in the ceilings of buildings and structures. Professor V.I. Korobko revealed the relationship between the frequencies of their own transverse vibrations w and maximum deflections W0 from uniformly distributed load for isotropic plates of constant thickness at homogeneous support along the contour. The aim of the study is to establish the relationship between the maximum deflection and the frequency of their own transverse vibrations for plates of variable thickness according to the law of square parabola with thickening to the support. Based on the theoretical data obtained, it is possible to diagnose defects (change in the design scheme, destruction, reduction in the thickness of the plate as a result of corrosion, etc.) based on the results of comparison and analysis of theoretical and experimentally measured natural vibration frequencies and (or) maximum deflections in the center of the plate.

Materials and methods. The design structure is a steel round isotropic plate of variable thickness according to the law of square parabola with thickening to the support. The studies were carried out by the finite element method, hinged and rigid pinching.

Results. Maximum deflections and frequencies of natural vibrations of a circular isotropic plate with different ratio of the plate thickness on the support t1 to the thickness in the center t2 were determined. The relationship between the maximum deflections of uniformly distributed load W0 and the fundamental frequency of natural vibrations ω of the circular plate is considered. Based on the results of the study, graphs of dependence of maximum deflections and frequencies of natural transverse vibrations of the plate on the ratio t1/t2 are plotted.

Conclusions. As a result of numerical studies, the maximum deflections and the main vibration frequencies for circular isotropic plates of variable thickness according to the square parabola law with thickening to the support were determined. It was established that the K coefficient obeys within 5 % of the dependence of Professor V.I. Korobko only when the ratio of the thickness on the support to the thickness in the center t1/t2 = 55/50 < 1.1 for both support schemes. This is explained by the fact that the dependence (1) is derived for isotropic plates of constant thickness and the distribution of mass unevenly over the entire area of the plate leads to a significant error already at the stage of small difference between the thicknesses to the support and in the center. With the thickness ratio t1/t2 = 100/50 = 2, the discrepancy between the K coefficient and the analytical one is about 30 % for hinged support and 43.8 % for rigid support along the contour. This means a more significant influence of the uneven mass distribution for such homogeneous boundary conditions. It is also revealed that all values of the K coefficient for circular isotropic plates of variable thickness according to the law of the square parabola with thickening to the support give overestimated values of the K coefficient in comparison with theoretical values for hinged and rigid support.

Introduction. Recently, more extensive use of steel-reinforced concrete (steel-concrete) structures is planned in civil buildings. In steel-reinforced concrete ceilings. The use of bent profiles in steel-reinforced concrete bent structures has not yet become widespread, probably due to the lack of simple methods. Therefore, the study of the stress-strain state of steel-reinforced concrete beams is a very urgent task. The article presents a new methodology and calculation formulas for assessing the bearing capacity of bent steel concrete elements reinforced with a cold-formed profile. Computer models of a composite beam consisting of bent profiles embedded in concrete are described, where options for the location of anchor ties are considered, which ensure the joint operation of both the profile with concrete and two bent channels into an I-beam. On the basis of the results of numerical studies, models of beams were made and tested. Analysis of the stress-strain state of experimental beams, their behavior under the influence of increasing the degree of increase in the intensity of development of the abilities of beams based on the limiting relative deformations of the personality of concrete. The results of experimental studies are presented in the form of graphs, comparison of the results of a full-scale experiment and numerical studies using computer models, as well as using analytical formulas. In conclusion, comparisons of the results of full-scale tests with numerical studies and by analytical formulas are given.

Materials and methods. The ANSYS software package was used for computer simulation. Analytical formulas for assessing the strength of a bending element are written on the basis of the limiting relative compressive strains of concrete. For full-scale experiments, composite steel beams were made, consisting of bent channels with filling the side cavities with concrete, self-tapping screws were used as anchor connections.

Results. The stress-strain state of the beams was revealed according to the obtained dependences and as a result of full-scale tests, as well as on the basis of computer simulation. The results of numerical studies are used for the manufacture of full-scale samples. The results of numerical values according to the proposed analytical formulas are compared with
the data of full-scale experiments.

Conclusions. Analytical dependences of the strength assessment of reinforced concrete bending elements by the method based on the limiting relative deformations of concrete compression are proposed, the features of the operation of reinforced concrete beams are studied by numerical modeling and by analytical dependences, full-scale experiments. It is shown that numerical studies give good convergence with experimental data. Analytical dependencies recorded on the basis of
the ultimate relative compressive strains of concrete give better results than the well-known calculation method based on the limit force method.

Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to improve the procedure of construction control of road-building materials in terms of laboratory tests. One of the effective methods of checking the competence of the laboratory is interlaboratory comparative tests. The purpose of their implementation is to detect deficiencies and inconsistencies, analyze the causes of their occurrence, carry out corrective measures and, thus, improve the laboratory quality system.

Materials and methods. Geogrid was taken as the object of research. The results of tensile strength, relative elongation at maximum load, as well as indicators of frost resistance of the material and resistance to ultraviolet radiation were selected for interlaboratory comparison. All tests were performed in the longitudinal direction of geogrid samples. The most and least statistically homogeneous physical and mechanical parameters of geogrids were determined under the conditions of reproducibility of measurement results for each of the indices obtained in different laboratories and by various measuring instruments using an algorithm based on Z-scores.

Results. According to the totality of the test results, the quality of the work of the majority of testing laboratories can be considered as satisfactory. Representative data were obtained for the majority of parameters. No unsatisfactory data were found in the context of parameters; the share of satisfactory results is 87.5–100 %.

Conclusions. The permormance-test data indicate a high level of competence of the participants in the interlaboratory comparisons. Participation in interlaboratory comparison programmes is undoubtedly an effective way to verify and improve the quality of tests; individual analysis of the results makes it possible to improve the laboratory quality system. It seems reasonable to normalize the requirements for the coefficient of variation, convergence and reproducibility of controlled parameters.

Introduction. Development of formulations of multicomponent binder compositions with the use of mineral additives of different nature is an urgent task. Multicomponent binders, “Portland cement – mineral additive”, “Portland cement – mineral additive – plasticizer” allow to expand the range of binders, to find economical practical application of resource-intensive material, to reduce energy consumption for high-temperature processing, and all this not to the detriment of the operational indicators of concrete and reinforced concrete.

Materials and methods. According to the regulatory and technical documents GOST 31108, GOST 20515, it is recommended to use finely dispersed additives of both natural and anthropogenic origin as a component of binding systems, which do not have a harmful effect on the properties of cement paste and stone.

Results. Topological models of multicomponent binder system, which differ depending on the nature and granulometry of mineral powder. On the basis of the conducted researches, the models of the diffusion interphase zone of cement stone, consisting of reacted clinker and mineral components, are presented; the boundary layers of which are characterized by the presence of calcium hydrate silicates and micropores of different configuration in the composition of neoplasms. The qualitative composition of the boundary interphase zone is determined by the nature and reactivity of the filler.

Conclusions. The analysis of the results showed that the appropriate chemical and mineralogical composition, the presence of ion-exchange centers and high activity coefficient contribute to an increase in the reactivity of mineral additives, which is important for the creation of strong binder, necessary for the organization of monolithic high-rise construction with structural elements of complex hermetic configuration.

Introduction. Refrigerating machines are used in many areas of industry to produce artificial cold. To maintain optimal operating temperatures, increase energy efficiency and reduce energy loss, thermal insulation is used during the operation of refrigerating machines. Thermal insulation is the structural elements of the refrigerator, which reduce the heat transfer process, and plays the role of the main thermal resistance in the structure. The main characteristics of thermal insulation materials are: heat conductivity, density, moisture absorption, hydrophobicity, frost resistance, strength and flammability. Depending on the conditions in which the refrigerator will be located, it is possible to determine which material will be preferable as thermal insulation. At the moment, there are many thermal insulation materials, which in turn puts the consumer at a dead end, because in most cases, the description of the characteristics of this material provides information only about its positive qualities. At the same time, its other features, which make its use insufficiently effective, are kept silent.

Materials and methods. In this article, the analysis of different types of thermal insulation materials, which are priority in the design of cold storage chambers, is carried out. In order to understand which material has the characteristics we need, it is necessary to recreate the conditions under which this material will be used. To do this, several basic laboratory influences are used to create unfavorable conditions for materials.

Results. As a result of these interactions, tests were performed on materials that demonstrated the strengths and weaknesses of materials under different physical conditions.

Conclusions. Based on the above results, it will become clear which materials are priority as thermal insulation of the refrigerator, and which need additional processing.

Introduction. An analysis of mathematical models of two-dimensional planned flows was carried out. Such flows are characterized by local depth-averaged velocities and local depths at each point of the flow. The mathematical model formation of the water flow is based on its division into several sections. There is a section where the flow parameters (velocity, depth, width) are kept constant at the stage of flow exit from the pipe — the inertial front. The purpose of the article and its relevance are defined.

Materials and methods. By introducing dimensionless complexes on the basis of π-theorem, the formula for the length of inertial front of the water flow at its spreading from a rectangular pipe into a wide diverting channel is derived. An analogy from gas dynamics is used, namely, the transition to the plane of the velocity hodograph. Using the velocity hodograph,
the distribution of depths and velocities of the flow along its longitudinal axis of symmetry and along the extreme line of current was obtained. The main computation tasks for the flow parameters have been formulated.

Results. Numerical calculations of the formulated main tasks for determining flow parameters are described. Comparison with experimental data is given and the adequacy of the refined mathematical model of a two-dimensional planned flow is confirmed.

Conclusions. The resulting formula for the length of the inertial front makes it possible to achieve the desired error in calculating the parameters of the water flow. With flow expansions up to 5, the relative error of the ordinates and flow velocities does not exceed 7–10 %. Calculation formulas and implemented programs will allow HTS designers to quickly and accurately determine the boundaries, speed and depth of free flow on the culvert.

Introduction. There are many destructions of earth dams in the world due to the loss of seepage strength of soils of the dam body or foundation. The seepage stability of soils is directly related to the phenomenon of hydraulic fracturing (HF), so prevention of conditions causing hydraulic fracturing is a very important task in the design and operation of earth dams. Hydraulic fracturing is closely related to uneven settlement of the dam soils and building structures. In earth dams, the phenomenon of uneven settlement often occurs in the areas between the dam soil and the side masses of the dam site, the dam soil and concrete structures, such as culverts and spillways, foundation structural elements, the impervious core of the dam and adjacent soil zones. The article is devoted to the study of the seepage stability of soil dams in the area of round-shaped culvert spillway.

Materials and methods. The study was carried out with the help of numerical modelling using Plaxis software package. The Bung Bung earth dam (Vietnam) was taken as an object of study.

Results. The results of the studies showed that the normal stress around the culvert was reduced to a level much lower than the water pressure in the seepage flow with a high probability of hydraulic fracturing in the volume of soil below the spillway. Thus, hydraulic fracturing can occur in these areas. The article proposes two structural approaches to prevent hydraulic fracturing: to change the cross-sectional shape of the culvert and to install a clay jacket around the spillway. Both approaches were tested numerically. The calculations demostrated that the application of both methods reduces the conditions for the occurrence of hydraulic fracturing near the culvert.

Conclusions. Dam failure due to hydraulic fracturing can cause serious damage. The implementation of methods to prevent hydraulic fracturing is important to ensure the safe dam conditions.

Introduction. The possibilities of using special economic zones (SEZ) in the aspect of increasing the volume of construction work performed and the number of erected real estate objects of various types are conditioned by the growth of SEZ establishment, which have significant expectations for solving several tasks and challenges existing in the construction industry. The problems of disproportion of production factors on the territory of the country lay down the negative consequences of incorrectly made decisions on the formation of sustainable socio-economic development of regions, which leads to differentiation in the location of infrastructure facilities and the emergence of imbalance in the labour of highly qualified personnel. The authors of the study believe that the necessary condition for solving these problems is the creation of prerequisites and conditions for the implementation of investment and construction projects (ICP) that have fundamental importance for the industry, concentrating economic entities in a single territorial space, applying SEZ for this purpose.

Materials and methods. The described method of evaluation is based on application of linear and inverse proportionality coefficients, expressing the dependence of variables in the implementation of ICP in SEZ at different stages of its life cycle. The key method that used in framework of the scientific research is the construction of graphs of linear and parabolic functions illustrating changes in the amount of costs and the degree of influence of the project stages.

Results. Perspectives on the creation of a tool to regulate the profitability of the project are discovered and described through linear and inverse proportionality coefficients. Identification of the intersection point of costs and influence of the project opens wide prospects for the implementation of the developed methodology in the development activities of the IСS enterprises, giving practical value to the conducted scientific work.

Conclusions. The developed method of project efficiency assessment assumes separate application of calculation tools at each of its stages, which is connected with the peculiarity of using the above-mentioned coefficients. The visual presentation and ease application of the method greatly simplifies its application, which is especially necessary when carrying out an operational express assessment of the profitability of the project in the foreseeable future.

Introduction. Is automated generation of technological inventions possible or not? To test this hypothesis, the authors propose to test the integration of human machine and living intelligence using artificial intelligence, using the example of the GPT neural network developed by Microsoft and OpenAI.

Materials and methods. The use of artificial intelligence in the creative synthesis of environmentally oriented progressive or perspective verbal and graphic images of breakthrough technologies, taking into account the statistical processing of patent information and funds of technical regulations is one of the tasks of creative forecasting of technosphere objects.

Results. The purpose of the study has been achieved – approaches to the development of methods of automated forecasting of breakthrough technologies of construction production have been outlined. The following research tasks were solved: search for methods of researching the future of the construction industry; search for correct terminology for synthesizing images of future breakthrough technologies and options for using artificial intelligence capable of creatively generating verbal and graphic images of technologies. The object of research — aspects of automated prediction of promising construction technologies is confirmed. The subject of the study — verbal and graphic images of future breakthrough technologies of environmentally oriented construction production is confirmed.

Conclusions. The review of images of breakthrough technologies of construction production showed the possibility of integrating live and artificial intelligence with appropriate terminological and methodological elaboration of databases and information logistics algorithms for automated generation of new technological inventions. The use of artificial intelligence in the creative synthesis of environmentally oriented verbal and graphic images of breakthrough technologies, taking into account the statistical processing of patent information and funds of technical regulations, is one of the tasks of creative forecasting of technosphere objects.

Introduction. In modern conditions, production rationing is the basis for the development of estimated standards and indicators, used respectively in the calculation of reliable estimated costs of construction (reconstruction, overhaul) of capital construction objects. The quality of development of primary production standards, their composition, development methodology, rules of use directly affect the nomenclature and the degree of detail of the developed estimated standards and indicators. Justification of the estimated standards are technological maps containing maps of standard observations, photographs of process elements, sometimes video recording of processes, etc. There is a necessity to carry out several measurements at different sites to obtain averaged data, including due to the influence of the human factor in establishing fix points and forming a map of work operations, which creates the possibility of data falsification. It is expedient to revise approaches to the creation of a mass system of state-level production regulation, subject to a radical change in approaches to the organization of the process of collection, analysis and storage of information, including taking into account the development of the construction industry in the context of digitalization.

Materials and methods. System approach, general theoretical methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis, analogy, generalization, comparison and others) and others.

Results. It is proposed to use the electronic database of regulatory observations to improve the reliability of estimates in construction. The purposes and principles of creation, as well as the structure of the electronic base of normative observations, are determined. The registration and information map of the object is proposed for development, containing all information about the creation, processing, registration, storage and transfer for use for the purposes of regulation.

Conclusions. The introduction of the proposed approach to the creation, maintenance and maintenance of an electronic database of regulatory observations will help increase the reliability of estimated costs in construction, as well as minimize labour and time costs for the development of estimated standards and indicators.